Condensed ring derivative, and preparation method, intermediate, pharmaceutical composition and use thereof

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are a condensed ring derivative, and a preparation method, an intermediate, a pharmaceutical composition and a use thereof. The condensed ring derivative of the present invention has a significant inhibitive effect on URAT1, which can effectively alleviate or treat hyperuricemia and other related diseases.

The International Application claims priority of Chinese PatentApplication CN201510131828.5, filed on Mar. 24, 2015, the contents ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a condensed ring derivative, andpreparation method, intermediate, pharmaceutical composition and usethereof.

PRIOR ARTS

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is related to many diseases such as gout,hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome,coronary heart disease and renal damage etc. (Puig J G, et al. Curr OpinRheumatol, 2008, 20, 187-191; Edwards N L, et al. Cleve Clin J Med,2008, 75(Suppl 5), 13-16), which has been a metabolic diseasethreatening human's health, and was recognized as one of the twentystubborn and chronic diseases in the 21^(st) century by the UnitedNations.

Uric acid is the final product metabolized from the purine in vivo,which goes through glomerular filtration mainly in its origin form, andreabsorption, re-secretion by renal tubule, finally excreted with urine,and very few of them can enter enteric cavity through the secreting ofthe mesenteric cells. (Hediger M A, et al. Physiology 2005, 20(2),125-133). S1 section of the proximal convoluted tubule is the positionwhere the uric acid is reabsorbed, and 98%-100% filtered uric acidenters the epithelium through urate transporter 1 (URAT1) upon the brushborder membrane of the tubular epithelial cells. Inhibiting the activityof the URAT1 can reduce the reabsorption of the uric acid, which allowsthe uric acid excreted with urine thereby lowering the level of the uricacid in the blood and relieving or treating hyperuricemia and variousrelated diseases.

CONTENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is toprovide a condensed ring derivative totally different from the priorart, and preparation method, intermediate, pharmaceutical compositionand use thereof. The condensed ring derivative of the present inventionhas obvious inhibitory activity against URAT1, which can effectivelyrelieve or treat hyperuricemia and various related diseases.

The present invention provides a condensed ring derivative having astructure of formula I, a tautomer, a mesomer, a racemate, anenantiomer, a diastereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ametabolite, a metabolic precursor or a pro-drug thereof,

Wherein ring A is an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl, more preferably aphenyl

or a heteroaryl (preferably a C₂₋₅ heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatomsselected from N or S, more preferably pyridinyl

imidazolyl

pyrazolyl

triazolyl

or pyridazinyl

M is a hydrogen, a deuterium or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation(preferably a sodium ion, a potassium ion or a calcium ion);

U is a chemical bond (preferably a single bond or a double bond),

V and W are independently C or N, provided that V and W are not Nsimultaneously;

X is

N or S;

Y is a chemical bond (preferably a single bond or a double bond),

or N;

Z is

or S;

R¹ and R² are independently H, D, a halogen (preferably F, Cl, Br or I,more preferably F), an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl), CN, an alkoxy(preferably a C₁₋₄ alkoxy), a cycloalkyl (preferably a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl),an alkenyl (preferably a C₂₋₄ alkenyl), a alkynyl (preferably a C₂₋₄alkynyl) or a heterocycloalkyl (preferably a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkylhaving 1-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S or N; the C₂₋₁₀heterocycloalkyl is preferably a C₂₋₅ heterocycloalkyl); or, R¹, R²together with the carbon atom attached form a cycloalkyl (preferably aC₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, more preferably cyclobutyl) or a heterocyclic group(preferably a C₂₋₅ heterocyclic group having 1-2 heteroatoms selectedfrom O or S); the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, the alkenyl, thealkynyl, the heterocycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl formed by R¹, R² and thecarbon atom attached, or the heteroalkyl formed by R¹, R² and the carbonatom attached can further be substituted by a substituent selected fromthe group consisting of D (e.g.

a halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I, preferably Cl), CN, an alkyl (preferablya C₁₋₄ alkyl), an alkoxy (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkoxy), a cycloalkyl(preferably a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl), an alkenyl (preferably a C₂₋₄ alkenyl),an alkynyl (preferably a C₂₋₄ alkynyl), a heterocycloalkyl (preferably aC₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl having 1-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S or N;the C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl is preferably a C₂₋₅ heterocycloalkyl) or anaryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl);

R³ is H, D, a halogen (preferably F, Cl, Br or I, more preferably F), analkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl), an alkoxy (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkoxy),an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl, more preferably a phenyl), aheteroaryl (preferably a C₂₋₅ heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms selectedfrom N, O or S; the C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl is preferably a C₂₋₅heterocycloalkyl) or an amino

wherein the alkyl, the alkoxy, the aryl, the heteroaryl, theheterocycloalkyl or the amino can be further substituted by asubstituent selected from the group consisting of D, a halogen (e.g. F,Cl, Br or I, preferably Cl), CN

an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl), an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl,more preferably phenyl), an aryl substituted by halogen(s) (preferably2,6-dichlorophenyl), a benzyl, a benzyl substituted by halogen(s) on thebenzene ring (preferably 2,6-dichlorobenzyl), a benzoyl or a benzoylsubstituted by a halogen on the benzene ring (preferably2,6-dichlorobenzoyl); when the number of the substituents is more thanone, the substituents are the same or different;

R⁴ is H, D, a halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl), CN,NH₂, OH, an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl), an alkoxy (preferably aC₁₋₄ alkoxy), a cycloalkyl (preferably a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl), an alkenyl(preferably a C₂₋₄ alkenyl), an alkynyl (preferably a C₂₋₄ alkynyl), aheterocycloalkyl (preferably a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl having 1-3heteroatoms selected from N, S or O; the C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl ispreferably a C₂₋₅ heterocycloalkyl), an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl,more preferably a phenyl or a naphthyl) or a heteroaryl (preferably aC₂₋₁₀ heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms selected from O, more preferably

wherein the NH₂, the OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, thealkenyl, the alkynyl, the heterocycloalkyl, the aryl or the heteroarylcan further be substituted by a substituent selected from the groupconsisting of D, a halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl),CN, an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl), an alkoxy (preferably a C₁₋₄alkoxy), a cycloalkyl (preferably a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl), an alkenyl(preferably a C₂₋₄ alkenyl), an alkynyl (preferably a C₂₋₄ alkynyl), aheterocycloalkyl (preferably a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl having 1-2heteroatoms selected from O, S or N; the C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl ispreferably a C₂₋₅ heterocycloalkyl), an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl),an aryl substituted by a halogen and/or CN

a heteroaryl (preferably a C₂₋₁₀ heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatomsselected from O) or a heteroaryl substituted by CN

each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently H, D, OH, a halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Bror I, preferably F), an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl), CN, an alkoxy(preferably a C₁₋₄ alkoxy), a cycloalkyl (preferably a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl),an alkenyl (preferably a C₂₋₄ alkenyl), an alkynyl (preferably a C₂₋₄alkynyl) or a heterocycloalkyl (preferably a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkylhaving 1-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S or N; the C₂₋₁₀heterocycloalkyl is preferably a C₂₋₅ heterocycloalkyl); or R⁵, R⁶together with the carbon atom attached form a cycloalkyl (preferably aC₃₋₆ cycloalkyl) or a heterocyclic group (preferably a C₂₋₅ heterocyclicgroup having 1-2 heteroatoms selected from O or S); the alkyl, thealkoxy, the cycloalkyl, the alkenyl, the alkynyl, the heterocycloalkyl,the cycloalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atom attachedor the heteroalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atomattached can further be substituted by a substituent selected from thegroup consisting of D, a halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I, preferably Cl),CN, an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl), an alkoxy (preferably a C₁₋₄alkoxy), a cycloalkyl (preferably a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl), an alkenyl(preferably a C₂₋₄ alkenyl), an alkynyl (preferably a C₂₋₄ alkynyl), aheterocycloalkyl (preferably a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl having 1-2heteroatoms selected from O, S or N; the C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl ispreferably a C₂₋₅ heterocycloalkyl) or an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀aryl); R⁷ is H or an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl);

n is 0, 1 or 2;

p is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Each of the letter and the substituent in the condensed ring derivativehaving a structure of formula I is preferably as follows:

M is H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation;

each of R¹ and R² is H, a halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F) oran alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl); or R¹, R² together with the carbonatom attached form a cycloalkyl (preferably a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, morepreferably a cyclobutyl);

R³ is H, a halogen (preferably F, Cl, Br or I, more preferably F), analkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl) or an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl,more preferably a phenyl, wherein the C₆₋₁₀ aryl can be furthersubstituted by one or more than one CN(s)

R⁴ is H, a halogen (preferably F, Cl, Br or I, more preferably F), analkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₄ alkyl can be furthersubstituted by an aryl substituted by halogen(s),

an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl, more preferably a phenyl or anaphthyl, wherein the C₆₋₁₀ aryl can be further substituted by one ormore than one CN(s) and/or halogen(s) (preferably F, Cl, Br or I, morepreferably F or Cl),

or a heteroaryl (preferably a C₂₋₁₀ heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatomsselected from O, more preferably

wherein the C₂₋₁₀ heteroaryl can be further substituted by one or morethan one CN(s),

each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently H, a halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I,preferably F), an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl) or OH;

p is 1.

The condensed ring derivative I in the present invention, is morepreferably a compound having a structure of formula II,

wherein each of X¹ and X² is independently CH or N; X⁹ is CH or N; Y isCH or N; R¹, R², R³, R⁴, U, M, n and p are defined as above.

The condensed ring derivative I in the present invention, is morepreferably a compound having a structure of formula III,

wherein X³ is

or N; X⁴ is

N or S; X⁵ is

or N; X⁶ is

N or S; Y is CH or N; R¹, R², R³, R⁴, W, V, U, M and n are defined asabove.

The condensed ring derivative I in the present invention, is morepreferably a compound having a structure of formula IV,

wherein X² is CH or N; each of X⁷ and X⁸ is independently CH or S; R¹,R², R⁴, U, M and n are defined as above.

The compound having a structure of formula II in the present inventionpreferably has a structure of formula II-1,

wherein X¹, X⁹, Y, R¹, R², R⁴, U, M and n are defined as above.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the compoundhaving a structure of formula II-1,

X¹ and Y are C; X⁹ is C or N;

each of R¹ and R² is independently H or an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄alkyl); or R¹, R² together with the carbon atom attached form acycloalkyl (preferably a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, more preferably a cyclobutyl);

M is H;

R⁴ is an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl, more preferably a phenyl or anaphthyl, wherein the C₆₋₁₀ aryl can be further substituted by one ormore than one CN(s) and/or halogen(s) (preferably F, Cl, Br or I, morepreferably F or Cl),

or a heteroaryl (preferably a C₂₋₁₀ heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatomsselected from O, wherein the C₂₋₁₀ heteroatom can be further substitutedby one or more than one CN(s),

U is

each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently H or an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄alkyl);

n is 1.

Preferably, in the compound having a structure of formula II-1,

where U is

and both of R⁵ and R⁶ are hydrogen, R¹ and R² are not H at the sametime;

where X⁹ is N, U is

The compound having a structure of formula III in the present inventionpreferably has a structure of formula III-1,

wherein X³, X⁴, X⁵, Y, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, W, V, U, M and n are defined asabove.

The compound having a structure of formula IV in the present inventionpreferably has a structure of formula IV-1,

wherein X², X⁷, X⁸, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, M and n are defined as above.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the compoundhaving a structure of formula IV-1,

X² is N;

each of X⁷ and X⁸ is independently CH or S;

each of R¹ and R² is independently H or an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄alkyl);

R4 is an aryl (preferably a C₆₋₁₀ aryl, more preferably a phenyl or anaphthyl, wherein the C₆₋₁₀ aryl can be further substituted by one ormore than one CN(s) and/or halogen(s) (preferably F, Cl, Br or I, morepreferably F or Cl),

each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently H or an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄alkyl);

n is 0 or 1.

Preferably, X² is N; X⁷ is CH; X⁸ is S.

Preferably, in the compound having a structure of formula IV-1, M is H.

Preferably, in the compound having a structure of formula IV-1, where R¹and/or R² is an alkyl, R⁵ and R⁶ are H; where R⁵ and/or R⁶ is an alkyl,R¹ and R² are H.

Preferably, in the compound having a structure of formula IV-1, where X⁷is S, X⁸ is CH, R¹ and R² are alkyl, and R⁵ and R⁶ are H, R⁴ is aphenyl.

The condensed ring derivative having a structure of formula I in thepresent invention is preferably selected from the compound consisting of

In the above compounds, the carbon marked with * is a chiral carbon or anon-chiral carbon; where it is a chiral carbon, it has S configurationor R configuration, where it is a non-chiral carbon, it is racemic.

The present invention also provides a process for preparing thecondensed ring derivative having a structure of formula I, the tautomer,the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, the diastereoisomer, or thepharmaceutically acceptable salt, the metabolite, the metabolicprecursor or the pro-drug thereof, which can be synthesized according tothe method known in the art with commercially available raw materials.In the present invention, the process for preparing the condensed ringderivative having a structure of formula I preferably comprises that ina solvent, in the presence of a base, carrying out a hydrolysis reactionon the compound having a structure of formula I-a to give the compoundhaving a structure of formula I;

in formula I-a and I, ring A, R¹, R², R⁴, W, V, Z, Y, X, U, n and p aredefined as above, in the compound having a structure of formula I-a, M¹is an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl). The method and condition of thehydrolysis reaction are common method and condition in the art,therefore, in the hydrolysis reaction, the solvent used and the amountthereof, the base used and the amount thereof, the temperature and timeof the hydrolysis reaction, and the post treatment after the hydrolysisreaction can all be selected according to the common processes andconditions in the art. For example, the solvent can be a mixed solutionof alcohols (e.g. methanol), ethers (e.g. THF) and water, or a mixedsolution of alcohols (e.g. methanol) and water. The base can be alkalishydroxide (e.g. LiOH and/or NaOH). Where a base is used, the base can bein the form of its aqueous solution (the molar concentration of the baseaqueous solution can be 1 mol/L). The hydrolysis reaction can be carriedout at room temperature. The process of the hydrolysis reaction can bemonitored by the common method in the art (e.g. TLC, GC, HPLC or NMRetc.). The post treatment can comprise that mixing the reaction solutionobtained after the hydrolysis reaction with the hydrochloric acidaqueous solution (e.g. 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution) andwater (solid precipitated), filtering, washing the filtrate cake withwater, drying under reduced pressure.

When M is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, the compound having astructure of formula (I) wherein M is H can be neutralized by ahydroxide containing a pharmaceutically acceptable cation (e.g. sodiumhydroxide). The conditions used in the process of a neutralizingreaction are common conditions used in the neutralizing reaction in theorganic synthesis field.

The compound having a structure of formula I can be prepared accordingto the following process, comprising

where U is

the compound having a structure of formula I can be prepared accordingto route I, which comprises

where U is

R⁶ is H and n is 1, the compound having a structure of formula I can beprepared according to route II, which comprises

where U is

both R⁵ and R⁶ are H and n is 1, the compound having a structure offormula I can be prepared according to route III, which comprises

In the above three routes, each letter or group involved is defined asabove. Meanwhile, the conditions and steps used in the chemicalreactions involved in the above three routes can refer to the commonconditions and steps used in the art, and the compound obtainedaccording to the above process can further be modified in the peripheralregion, thereby obtaining other target compound of the presentinvention.

The present invention also provides a compound having a structure offormula I-a:

wherein, ring A, R¹, R², R⁴, W, V, Z, Y, X, U, n and p are defined asabove; M¹ is an alkyl (preferably a C₁₋₄ alkyl).

The intermediate having a structure of formula I-a, further preferablyhas a structure of formula II-a:

wherein, X¹ and X² are independently CH or N; X⁹ is CH or N; Y is CH orN; R¹, R², R³, R⁴, U, M¹, n and p are defined as above.

In the present invention, the intermediate having a structure of formulaI-a, preferably has a structure of formula III-a:

wherein, X³ is

or N; X⁴ is

N or S; X⁵ is

or N; X⁶ is

N or S; Y is CH or N; R¹, R², R³, R⁴, W, V, U, M¹ and n are defined asabove.

wherein, X² is CH or N; X⁷ and X⁸ are independently CH or S; R¹, R², R⁴,U, M¹ and n are defined as above.

In the present invention, the compound having a structure of formulaII-a, preferably has a structure of formula II-a-1:

wherein, X¹, X⁹, Y, R¹, R², R⁴, U, M¹ and n are defined as above.

In the present invention, the compound having a structure of formulaIII-a, preferably has a structure of formula III-a-1:

wherein, X³, X⁴, X⁵, Y, R¹, R², R⁴, W, V, U, M¹ and n are defined asabove.

In the present invention, the compound having a structure of formulaIV-a, preferably has a structure of formula IV-a-1:

wherein, X², X⁷, X⁸, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, M¹ and n are defined as above.

The intermediate having a structure of formula I-a, preferably isselected from the compound consisting of

In above compounds, the carbon marked with * is a chiral carbon or anon-chiral carbon; where it is a chiral carbon, it has S configurationor R configuration, where it is a non-chiral carbon, it is racemic.

The present invention also provides one of enantiomers contained in theracemic compound 7-a, which is given by separating the racemic compound7-a by an enantiomeric chromatographic column:

wherein the chromatograph is preferably Gilson 281, the preparativecolumn is preferably r, r-Whelk-O1 (20×250 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phaseis preferably Hexane:EtOH:DEA=70:30:0.1 (v/v/v); when the retaining timeis 9.0 min, one enantiomer 7A-a is given; when the retaining time is11.0 min, the other enantiomer 7B-a is given.

The present invention also provides one of enantiomers contained in theracemate 7:

wherein the process for preparing one enantiomer preferably comprisesthat in an organic solvent, in the presence of a base, carrying out ahydrolysis reaction on the enantiomer 7A-a; the process for preparingthe other enantiomer preferably comprises that in an organic solvent, inthe presence of a base, carrying out a hydrolysis reaction on theenantiomer 7B-a.

The present invention also provides one of the enantiomers contained inthe racemate 42-a, which is given by separating the racemate 42-a by anenantiomeric chromatographic column:

wherein the chromatograph is preferably SFC-80 (Thar, Waters), thepreparative column is preferably AD 30×250 mm, 5 μm (Decial), the mobilephase is preferably n-Hexane-0.1% DEA:EtOH-0.1% DEA=80:20 (v/v); whenthe retaining time is 18.0 min, one enantiomer 43A-a is given; when theretaining time is 20.0 min, the other enantiomer 43B-a is given.

The present invention also provides one of the enantiomers contained inthe racemate 42:

wherein the process for preparing one enantiomer preferably comprisesthat in an organic solvent, in the presence of a base, carrying out ahydrolysis reaction on the enantiomer 43A-a; the process for preparingthe other enantiomer preferably comprises that in an organic solvent, inthe presence of a base, carrying out a hydrolysis reaction on theantimer 43B-a.

The present invention also provides one of the enantiomers contained inthe racemate 44-a, which is given by separating the racemate 44-a by anenantiomeric chromatographic column:

wherein the chromatograph is preferably Gilson 281, the preparativecolumn is preferably r, r-Whelk-O1 (20×250 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phaseis preferably n-Hexane:EtOH:DEA=70:30:0.1 (v/v/v); when the retainingtime is 6.0 min, one enantiomer 44A-a is given; when the retaining timeis 7.0 min, the other enantiomer 44B-a is given.

The present invention provides one of the enantiomers contained in theracemate 44:

wherein the process for preparing one enantiomer preferably comprisesthat in an organic solvent, in the presence of a base, carrying out ahydrolysis reaction on the antimer 44A-a; the process for preparing theother enantiomer preferably comprises that in an organic solvent, in thepresence of a base, carrying out a hydrolysis reaction on the antimer44B-a.

The present invention provides one of the enantiomers contained in theracemate 45-a, which is given by separating the racemate 45-a by anenantiomeric chromatographic column:

wherein the chromatograph is preferably SFC-80 (Thar, Waters), thepreparative column is preferably AD 30×250 mm, Sum (Decial), the mobilephase is preferably CO₂: (Methanol-0.1% NH₄OH)=65:35 (v/v); when theretaining time is 8.5 min, one enantiomer 45A-a is given; when theretaining time is 10.5 min, the other enantiomer 45B-a is given.

The present invention provides one of the enantiomers contained in theracemate 45:

wherein the process for preparing one enantiomer preferably comprisesthat in an organic solvent, in the presence of a base, carrying out ahydrolysis reaction on the antimer 45A-a; the process for preparing theother enantiomer preferably comprises that in an organic solvent, in thepresence of a base, carrying out a hydrolysis reaction on the enantiomer45B-a.

The present invention provides one of the enantiomers contained in theracemate 46-a, which is given by separating the racemate 46-a by anenantiomeric chromatographic column:

wherein the chromatograph is preferably Gilson 281, the preparativecolumn is preferably r, r-Whelk-O1 (20×250 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phaseis preferably Hexane:EtOH:DEA=80:20:0.1 (v/v/v); when the retaining timeis 14.0 min, one enantiomer 46A-a is given; when the retaining time is18.0 min, the other antimer 46B-a is given.

The present invention provides one of the enantiomers contained in theracemate 46:

wherein the process for preparing one enantiomer preferably comprisesthat in an organic solvent, in the presence of a base, carrying out ahydrolysis reaction on the enantiomer 46A-a; the process for preparingthe other enantiomer preferably comprises that in an organic solvent, inthe presence of a base, carrying out a hydrolysis reaction on theenantiomer 46B-a.

The present invention also provides one of the enantiomers included inthe racemate 53, the process for preparing one enantiomer preferablycomprises, in water, neutralizing the enantiomer 45A by NaOH.

The present invention also provides a use of the condensed ringderivative having a structure of formula I, the tautomer, the mesomer,the racemate, the enantiomer, the diastereoisomer, or thepharmaceutically acceptable salt, the metabolite, the metabolicprecursor or the pro-drug thereof in manufacturing a medicament forpreventing and/or treating hyperuricemia or its related diseases. Thehyperuricemia related diseases generally include gout, hypertension,diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome, coronary heartdisease and renal damage and so on.

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition, whichcomprises therapeutically effective amount of the condensed ringderivative having a structure of formula I, the tautomer, the mesomer,the racemate, the enantiomer, the diastereoisomer, or thepharmaceutically acceptable salt, the metabolite, the metabolicprecursor or the pro-drug thereof, and one or more than onepharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluter.

In the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition can be in theform of an oral administration, as well as a sterile injectable aqueoussolution, which can be prepared according to any known process forpreparing pharmaceutical composition in the art.

The pharmaceutical composition can be used alone, as well as incombination with other medicament having activity on lowering uric acid.The medicament having activity on lowering uric acid is selected fromthe group consisting of uric acid transporter 1 inhibitor, Xanthineoxidase inhibitor, Xanthine oxidoreductase and Xanthine dehydrogenaseinhibitor, preferably Allopurinol and/or Febuxostat.

The present invention also provides a method for preventing and/ortreating hyperuricemia or its related diseases, the method comprisesadministrating proactively effective amount and/or therapeuticallyeffective amount of the condensed ring derivative having a structure offormula I, the tautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof to thesubject, or administrating proactively effective amount and/ortherapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition ofthe present invention to the subject.

Unless otherwise specified, the terms involved in the description andthe claims of the present invention have following definitions:

“Alkyl” used herein (including used alone and contained in other groups)refers to a saturated linear and branched aliphatic hydrocarbylcontaining 1-20 carbon atoms, preferably containing 1-10 carbon atoms,more preferably containing 1-8 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, tent-butyl, iso-butyl, pentyl, hexyl,heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl,undecyl, dodecyl, and isomers thereof; as well as the alkyl containing1-4 substituents (with no further substitutions) selected from the groupconsisting of D, a halogen (preferably F, Br, Cl or I), an alkyl, analkoxy, an aryl, an aryloxy, an aryl or diaryl substituted by an aryl,an aralkyl, an aralkoxy, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a cycloalkyl, acycloalkenyl, a cycloalkyl alkyl, a cycloalkyl alkoxy, an optionallysubstituted amino, a hydroxyl, a hydroxyl alkyl, an acyl, an aldehydegroup, a heteroaryl, a heteroaryloxy, a heterocycloalkyl, aheterocycloalkoxy, an aryl heteroaryl, an arylalkoxycarbonyl, aheteroarylalkyl, a heteroarylalkoxy, an aryloxyalkyl, an aryloxyaryl, analkylamino, an amido, an arylcarbonylamino, a nitro, a nitrile group, asulphydryl, a haloalkyl, a trihaloalkyl and/or an alkylthio. In thepresent invention, “C_(x1)-C_(y1)” alkyl (x1 and y1 are integers) havingindicated number of carbon atoms, such as “C₁₋₄ alkyl”, has the samedefinition of the “alkyl” described in this paragraph, except for thenumber of carbon atoms.

“Alkylidene” used herein (including used alone and contained in othergroups) refers to a sub-saturated linear and branched aliphatichydrocarbyl containing 1-20 carbon atoms, preferably containing 1-10carbon atoms, more preferably containing 1-8 carbon atoms, such asmethylene, ethylidene, propylidene, iso-propylidene, n-butylidene,tert-butylidene, iso-butylidene, pentylidene, hexylidene, heptylidene,octylidene, nonylidene, decylidene, bis(4,4-dimethylpentyl),bis(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl), undecylidene, dodecylidene, and the isomersthereof; including the alkylidene containing 1-4 substituents (withoutfurther substituents) selected from the group consisting of D, a halogen(preferably F, Br, Cl or I), an alkyl, an alkoxy, an aryl, an aryloxy,an aryl or diaryl substituted by an aryl, an aralkyl, an aralkoxy, analkenyl, an alkynyl, an cycloalkyl, an cycloalkenyl, an cycloalkylalkyl,an cycloalkylalkoxy, an optionally substituted amino, an hydroxyl, anhydroxyalkyl, an acyl, an aldehyde group, an heteroaryl, anheteroaryloxy, an heterocycloalkyl, an heterocycloalkoxy, anarylheteroaryl, an arylalkoxycarbonyl, an heteroarylalkyl, anheteroarylalkoxy, an aryloxyalkyl, an aryloxyaryl, an alkylamino, anamido, an arylcarbonylamino, a nitro, a nitrile group, a sulphydryl, ahaloalkyl, a trihaloalkyl and/or an alkylthio; one or more than onesubstituents together with the alkylidene can form a ring, therebyforming a fused ring or a spiro ring.

The term “aliphatic ring” or “cycloalkyl” (including used alone andcontained in other groups) includes saturated or partially unsaturated(containing 1 or 2 double bonds) cyclic hydrocarbon group containing 1-3rings, including monocycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl and tricycloalkyl whichcontains 3-20 carbon atoms which can form a ring, preferably contains3-10 carbon atoms, e.g. cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl and cyclododecyl,cyclohexenyl; the cycloalkyl can be substituted by any of 1-4substituents (without further substitutions) selected from the groupconsisting of D, a halogen, an alkyl, an alkoxy, a hydroxyl, an aryl, anaryloxy, an aralkyl, a cycloalkyl, an alkylamino, an amido, an oxo, anacyl, an arylcarbonylamino, an amino, a nitro, a nitrile group, asulphydryl and/or an alkylthio and/or any alkyl group.

The term “alkoxy” refers to a cyclic or non-cyclic alkyl havingindicated number of carbon atoms linked by an oxygen bridge. Therefore,“alkoxy” includes the definitions of the alkyl and the cycloalkyl.

The term “alkenyl” refers to a linear, branched or cyclic non-arylhydrocarbyl having indicated carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbondouble bond. Preferably, it has one carbon-carbon double bond and canexist up to four non-aryl carbon-carbon double bonds. Therefore, “C₂₋₁₂alkenyl” refers to an alkenyl having 2-12 carbon atoms. “C₂₋₆ alkenyl”refers to an alkenyl having 2-6 carbon atoms, including vinyl, propenyl,butenyl, 2-methyl butenyl and cyclohexenyl. The linear, branched andcyclic part of the alkenyl can contain a double bond, and if it is asubstituted alkenyl, the alkenyl can be substituted (but the substituentwith no further substitution).

The term “alkynyl” refers to a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbylhaving indicated carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon triplebond. It can have up to three carbon-carbon triple bonds. Therefore,“C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl” refers to an alkynyl having 2-12 carbon atoms. “C₂₋₆alkynyl” refers to an alkynyl having 2-6 carbon atoms, includingethynyl, propynyl, butynyl and 3-methyl butynyl etc.

The term “aryl” used herein refers to any stable monocyclic or bicycliccarbon rings which can have up to 7 atoms in each ring, and at least oneof the rings is an aromatic ring. The typical aryl unit includes phenyl,naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydroindenyl, biphenyl, phenanthryl,anthryl or acenaphthyl. It can be understood that where the aryl is abicyclic group and one of the ring is a non-aromatic ring, the linkageis through the aromatic ring. The aryl also includes any of 1-4substituents (without further substitutions) selected from the groupconsisting of D, a halogen (F, Br Cl or I), an alkyl, an alkoxy, anaryl, an aryloxy, an aryl or diaryl substituted by an aryl, an aralkyl,an aralkoxy, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkenyl, acycloalkylalkyl, a cycloalkylalkoxy, an optionally substituted amino, ahydroxyl, a hydroxyalkyl, an acyl, an aldehyde group, a heteroaryl, aheteroaryloxy, a heterocycloalkyl, a heterocycloalkoxy, anarylheteroaryl, an arylalkoxycarbonyl, a heteroarylalkyl, aheteroarylalkoxy, an aryloxyalkyl, an aryloxyaryl, an alkylamino, anacylamino, an arylcarbonylamino, a nitro, a nitrile group, a sulphydryl,a haloalkyl, a trihaloalkyl and/or an alkylthio.

The term “halogen” refers to F, Cl, Br, I or At.

The term “hydroxyl” refers to

The term “amino” refers to

The term “cyano” refers to

The term “carboxyl” refers to

The term “sulfonyl” refers to

The term “acyl” refers to

a univalence group derived from an organic or inorganic oxygenic acidcleaving a hydroxyl off.

The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituted by halogen at anyposition. Therefore, “haloalkyl” includes the definitions of the halogenand the alkyl.

The term “haloalkoxy” refers to an alkoxy substituted by halogen at anyposition. Therefore, “haloalkoxy” includes the definitions of thehalogen and the alkoxy.

The term “aryloxy” refers to an aryl having indicated number of carbonatoms linked by an oxygen bridge. Therefore, “aryloxy” includes thedefinition of the aryl.

The term “aromatic hetero group” or “heteroaryl” used herein refers to astable monocycle or bicycle which can have up to 7 atoms in each ring,and at least one of the rings is an aromatic ring containing 1-4heteroatoms selected from O, N and S. The heteroaryl defined hereinincludes but not limited to acridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl,quinoxalinyl, pyrazolyl, indolyl, benzotriazolyl, furanyl, thienyl,benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolyl, oxazolyl,isoxazolyl, indolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrryl,tetrahydroquinoline. As defined in the heterocyclo, “heteroaryl” canalso be understood including the N-Oxide derivative of any N-containingheteroaryl. Where the heteroaryl is a bicyclic group and one of therings is a non-aromatic ring or without any heteroatom, it can beunderstood, the linkage is through the aryl or the ring containing theheteroatom. The heteroaryl can be substituted by any of 1-4 substituentsselected from the group consisting of D, a halogen, an alkyl, an alkoxy,a hydroxyl, an aryl, an aryloxy, an aralkyl, a cycloalkyl, analkylamino, an acylamino, an acyl, an arylcarbonylamino, an amino, anitro, a nitrile group, a sulphydryl and/or an alkylthio and/or any ofalkyl group.

The term “heterocyclo” or “heterocyclic group” used herein refers to a5-10 membered aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle having 1-4heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, including bicyclic group.Therefore, “heterocyclic group” includes the aryl and the dihydro- ortetrahydro-analogues thereof. The embodiments of the “heterocyclicgroup” include but not limited to benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl,benzofurazinyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothienyl,benzoxazolyl, carbazyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl,indolinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuranyl, pseudoindolyl,isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthalene pyrimidinyl,oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxazoline, isoxazoline, oxycyclobutyl, pyranyl,pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridopyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl,pyrimidyl, pyrryl, quinazolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl,tetrahydropyranyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, thiadiazolyl,thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, azetidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl,hexahydroazepinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,thiomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzimidazolyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl,dihydrobenzothienyl, dihydrobenzoxazolyl, dihydrofuranyl,dihydroimidazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihydroisoxazolyl,dihydroisothiazolyl, dihydrooxadiazolyl, dihydrooxazolyl,dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyridyl, dihydropyrimidinyl,dihydropyryl, dihydroquinolyl, dihydrotetrazolyl, dihydrothiadiazolyl,dihydrothiazolyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrotriazolyl, dihydro-azetidinyl,methylenedioxybenzoyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl and N-Oxidethereof. The heterocyclo (without further substitution) can link withother groups by its carbon atom or heteroatom.

The term “cycloheteroaliphatic” or “heterocycloalkyl” used herein aloneor contained in other groups refers to a saturated or partiallyunsaturated 4-12 membered ring having 1-4 heteroatoms (e.g. N, O and/orS). The heterocycloalkyl can contain 1-4 substituents (without furthersubstitution), such as an alkyl, a halogen, an oxo and/or any of alkyllist above. Besides, any heterocycloalkyl can fuse to a cycloalkyl, anaryl, a heteroaryl or a heterocycloalkyl. The heterocycloalkyl can linkto other groups through its carbon atom or heteroatom.

The term “aromatic ring” used herein refers to any stable monocyclic orbicyclic carbon rings which can have up to 7 atoms in each ring and atleast one of the ring is an aromatic ring. The embodiments of thearomatic unit include phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl,2,3-dihydroindenyl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl or acenaphthyl. Itcan be understood that when the aryl is a bicyclic group and one of thering is a non-aromatic ring, the linkage is through “aromatic ring”. Thearomatic ring includes any of 1-4 substituents (without furthersubstitution) selected from the group consisting of D, a halogen (F, Br,Cl or I), an alkyl, an alkoxy, an aryl, an aryloxy, an aryl or biarylsubstituted with an aryl, an aralkyl, an aralkoxy, an alkenyl, analkynyl, a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkenyl, a cycloalkylalkyl, acycloalkylalkoxy, an amino, a hydroxyl, a hydroxyalkyl, an acyl, analdehyde group, a heteroaryl, a heteroaryloxy, a heterocycloalkyl, aheterocycloalkoxy, an arylheteroaryl, an arylalkoxycarbonyl, aheteroarylalkyl, a heteroarylalkoxy, an aryloxyalkyl, an aryloxyaryl, analkylamino, an acylamino, an arylcarbonylamino, a nitro, a nitrilegroup, a sulphydryl, a haloalkyl, a trihaloalkyl and/or an alkylthio.

The term “heteroaryl” or “aromatic heterocyclo” used herein refers to astable monocyclic or bicyclic group which can have up to 7 atoms in eachring and at least one of the ring is an aromatic ring having 1-4heteroatoms selected from O, N and S. In this definition, the heteroarylincludes but not limited to acridine, carbazole, cinnoline, carboline,quinoxaline, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, indole, indoline,benzotriazole, benzimidazole, furan, thiophen, isothiazole,benzothiophene, dihydrobenzothiophene, benzofuran, isobenzofuran,benzoxazole, benzofuraxan, benzopyrazole, quinoline, isoindoline,isoquinoline, oxazole, oxadiazole, isoxazole, indole, pyrazine,pyridopyridine, tetrazolopyridine, pyridazine, pyridine, naphthalenepyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, tetrazole, thiadiazole, thiazole,thiophene, triazole, quinazoline, tetrahydroquinoline,dihydrobenzimidazole, dihydrobenzofuran, dihydrobenzoxazole,dihydroquinoline. As defined in the definition of heterocycle,“heteroaryl” is also understood to include N-Oxide derivatives of anyN-containing heteroaryl. Where the heteroaryl is a bicyclic group andone of the ring is a non-aromatic ring or without any heteroatom, it canbe understood that the linkage is through the aryl or the heteroatomcontained in the ring. The heteroaryl can be substituted by any of 1-4substituents (without further substitutions) selected from the groupconsisting of D, a halogen, an alkyl, an alkoxy, a hydroxyl, an aryl, anaryloxy, an aralkyl, a cycloalkyl, an alkylamino, an acylamino, an acyl,an arylcarbonylamino, an amino, a nitro, a nitrile group, a sulphydryland/or an alkylthio and/or any alkyl defined in the present invention.

“Proactively effective amount and/or therapeutically effective amount”refers to an amount of the compound administered to a subject sufficientto prevent and/or treat the diseases involved in the present invention.Though the proactively effective amount and/or therapeutically effectiveamount of the compound depends on the compound, the condition and itsseverity, and the age of the subject to be treated, it can be determinedby the person skilled in the art according to the common method.

As used in the present invention, when the specific salt, pharmaceuticalcomposition, composition, excipient are mentioned to be“pharmaceutically acceptable”, it means that the salt, pharmaceuticalcomposition, composition, excipient are generally non-toxic, safe andsuitable to be administered to the subj ect; the subject is preferably amammal, more preferably human.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” as used herein refers to apharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic salt of the compound ofthe present invention. Typical embodiments are include but not limitedto sulfate, citrate, acetate, oxalate, chloride, bromide, iodide,nitrate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, lactate,salicylate, acid citrate, tartrate, oleate, tannate, pantothenate,bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisate, fumarate,gluconate, glucuronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate,methylsulfonate, ethylsulfonate, benzene sulfonate, tosilate, embonate(i.e. 1-1-methylene-bis(2-hydroxyl-3-naphthoate)).

As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term “prodrug” refers toa derivative of a compound containing biological reactive functionalgroups, which can be cleaved from the compound or react in other ways toprovide the compound under biological condition (in vivo or in vitro).Generally, the prodrug does not have activity, or have less activitythan the compound itself, this makes the compound exhibit effects untilthe biological reactive functional group cleaved from the compound. Thebiological reactive functional group can hydrolyze or oxidize underbiological condition to provide the compound. For example, the prodrugcan include biologically hydrolysable groups. The biologicallyhydrolysable groups include but not limited to biologically hydrolysablephosphate, biologically hydrolysable ester, biologically hydrolysableamide, biologically hydrolysable carbonate, biologically hydrolysablecarbamate and biologically hydrolysable uride.

The compound of the present invention can contain one or more than oneasymmetric centers (“stereoisomers”). As used herein, the term“stereoisomers” refers to Cis- and Trans-isomer, R- and S-antimer anddiastereomer. These stereoisomers can be prepared by asymmetricsynthesis or chiral separation (e.g. isolating, crystallizing, TLC,column chromatography, gas chromatography, HPLC). These stereoisomerscan also derive from the diastereomer obtained from reacting a mixtureof the enantiomers or racemate with a proper chiral compound, followedby crystallizing or conducting any other proper common method.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to any animal to beadministered or have been administered with the compound or thepharmaceutical composition according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, preferably a mammal, most preferably human. As used herein,the term “mammal” includes any mammal. Typical mammal includes but notlimited to cattle, horse, sheep, pig, cat, dog, mouse, rat, rabbit,Guinea pig, monkey, human and so on, human is the most preferable.

In one embodiment, “treat” or “treating” refers to an improvement,prevention or reversion of a disease or a condition or at least onedistinguished symptom thereof. In another embodiment, “treat” or“treating” refers to an improvement, prevention or reversion of at leastone of measurable body parameters of a disease or a condition which isbeing treated, which may not been distinguished in a mammal. However, inanother embodiment, “treat” or “treating” refers to slowing thedevelopment of a disease or a condition, or refers to stabilizing inbody, such as a recognizable symptom, or refers to stabilizing inphysiology, such as body parameters, or refers to both. In anotherembodiment, treat” or “treating” refers to slowing the initiation of adisease or a condition.

In certain embodiments, the claimed compound is administered forprevention. As used herein, “prevent” or “preventing” refers to loweringa risk of having a disease or a condition. In a preferred embodiment,administering an indicated compound to a subject for a preventivepurpose, such as the subject having a tendency to catch or having afamily history of cancer or autoimmune diseases.

In the present invention, abbr. “Abs” refers to the absoluteconfiguration of the chiral carbon atom contained in the compound isunknown, indicating S-configuration or R-configuration.

In the present invention, 0.1% DEA refers to that DEA volume accountsfor 0.1% volume of the mixture solution containing DEA, for example, inHexane-0.1% DEA, 0.1% DEA refers to that DEA volume accounts for 0.1%total volume of Hexane and DEA. Additionally, the definition of 0.1%NH₄OH is the same as that of 0.1% DEA.

In the present invention, room temperature refers to ambienttemperature, generally refers to 10-30° C.

Without departing from the common knowledge in the art, the optimizedembodiments can be obtained by optionally combining the preferredconditions above.

The reagents and raw materials are commercially available.

The positive effects achieved by the present invention lie in that:

the present invention provides a condensed ring derivative which istotally distinguished from the prior art, the preparation method, theintermediate, the pharmaceutical composition and the use thereof. Thecondensed ring derivative of the present invention has distinctinhibitory effects against URAT1, which can relieve or treathyperuricemia etc. and related diseases.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The structure of the compound is determined by NMR or MS, NMR isobtained by Bruker Avance-500 apparatus, d₆-DMSO, CDCl₃ and CD₃OD etc.as a solvent, TMS as an interior label. MS is obtained by LC-MS AgilentTechnologies 6110, ESI as an ion source.

Microwave reaction is conducted in Explorer full automatic microwaveirradiation equipment supplied by CEM, US Corporation, magnetronfrequency is 2450 MHz, continuous microwave output power is 300 W.

HPLC is Gilson 281, the preparative column is Xbridge, 21.2×250 mm C18,10 μm.

Process I for separating enantiomers: the apparatus is Gilson 281, thepreparative column is r,r-Whelk-O1 (20×250 mm, 5 μm); process II: theapparatus is SFC-80 (Thar, Waters), the preparative column is AD 30×250mm, 5 μm (Decial).

Embodiment 1 4-(4-cyanophenyl)isoquinoline-6-carboxylic Acid (Compound1)

Synthesis of Compound 1-c

Under CO atmosphere (30 atm), 6-bromoisoquinoline (10.0 g, 48 mmol),sodium acetate (5.0 g, 61 mmol), triphenylphosphine (3.8 g, 14 mmol) andpalladium acetate (2.8 g, 12 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (40 mL) andmethanol (40 mL), the mixture was reacted at 100° C. for 24 hrs. Themixture was then cooled to room temperature, evaporated to removemethanol, the residue was filtered through celite, the filtrate cake waswashed with EA (200 mL). The filtrate was washed in turn with water (100mL×3) and saturated brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedwith silica column chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give white solid 1-c(7 g, yield: 78%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=188 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of Compound 1-b

Compound 1-c (1.88 g, 10 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (2.7 g, 15 mmol)were dissolved in acetic acid (40 mL), the mixture was cooled to roomtemperature after reacting at 80° C. for 24 hrs. Part of acetic acid wasremoved under reduced pressure, the residue was filtered through celite,the filtrate cake was washed with DCM (200 mL). The filtrate was in turnwashed with saturated sodium sulfite solution (200 mL), dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated under reduced pressure.The residue was purified with silica column chromatography (PE:EA=50:1)to give colorless solid 1-b (2.5 g, yield 94%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=266[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 1-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 1-b (133 mg, 0.5 mmol),4-cyanophenylboronic acid (75 mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium carbonate (60 mg,0.6 mmol) were suspended in a mixed solution of dioxane (4 mL) and water(1 mL), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene] palladium dichloride (25mg, 0.03 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs,then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered throughcelite, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate wasin turn washed with water (20 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 1-a (126 mg, yield 83%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=289 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 1

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 1-a (120 mg, 0.42 mmol) in a mixed solution of methanol (1 mL),THF (4 mL) and water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 h, followed by adding 2M HCl aqueous solution (1 mL) and water (20mL), solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed withwater (10 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 1 (91 mg, yield79%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=295 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 13.55 (s, 1H), 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H),8.34 (m, 2H), 8.21 (m, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H) ppm.

Embodiment 2 3-[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl]propionic Acid(Compound 2)

Synthesis of Compound 2-d

A solution of compound 1-c (1.33 g, 5 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was cooled to−78° C., 1.0M diisobutylaluminum hydride in DCM (20 mL, 20 mmol) wasslowly added dropwise, the mixture was further stirred for 1 h. Themixture was warmed to room temperature, saturated aqueous solution ofNH₄Cl (300 mL) was added, organic phase was seperated, aqueous phase wasextracted with DCM (50 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified with silica column chromatography(PE:EA=3:1) to give light yellow solid 2-d (900 mg, yield 76%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=236 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2-c

At 0° C., triethyl phosphonoacetate (1.4 mL, 5 mmol) and sodium hydride(240 mg, 6 mmol) were added into a solution of compound 2-d (470 mg, 2mmol) in THF (10 mL), the mixture was further stirred for 1 h. Themixture was warmed to room temperature, followed by adding saturatedaqueous solution of NH₄Cl (300 mL), extracted with EA (50 mL×3). Theorganic phases were combined, washed in turn with water (10 mL×3) andsaturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered,evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give light yellow solid 2-c (380mg, yield 62%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=306 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2-b

At 0° C., NaBH₄ (40 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly into a solution ofcompound 2-c (310 mg, 1 mmol) and NiCl₂ (13 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (5mL), the mixture was further stirred for 3 hrs. The mixture was warmedto room temperature, followed by adding saturated aqueous solution ofNH₄Cl (30 mL), being extracted with EA (10 mL×3). The organic phaseswere combined, washed in turn with water (5 mL×3) and saturated brine (5mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified with silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to give light yellow solid 2-b (280 mg, yield91%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=308 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 2-b (155 mg, 0.5 mmol),4-cyanophenylboronic acid (75 mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium carbonate (106mg, 1 mmol) were suspended in a mixture of dioxane (4 mL) and water (1mL), [1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (40 mg,0.05 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, thencooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered through celite, thefiltrate cake was washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate was in turnwashed with water (20 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, evaporated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified with silica column chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 2-a (100 mg, yield 61%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=331 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added to a mixedsolution of compound 2-a (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4mL) and water (1 mL), the mixture was further stirred for 1 h, 2M HClaqueous solution (1 mL) and water (20 mL) were added, solid wasprecipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed with water (10 mL),dried under vacuum to give white solid 2 (61 mg, yield 67%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=303 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.18 (s, 1H), 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H),8.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H)ppm.

Embodiment 3 2-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]acetic Acid(Compound 3)

Synthesis of Compound 3-d

CuCN (5.0 g, 56.3 mmol) was added to a solution of1,4-dibromonaphthalene (20 g, 70.4 mmol) in DMF (250 mL), the mixturewas reacted for 16 hrs at 125° C., evaporated under reduced pressure.Aqueous ammonia (200 mL) and EA (200 mL) were added to the residue, themixture was stirred for 1 h and organic phase was seperated. The organicphase was in turn washed with water (100 mL×3) and saturated brine (100mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, evaporated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified with silica chromatography(PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 3-d (5.1 g, yield 31%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=232 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 3-c

Under N₂ atmosphere, bis(pinacolato)diboron (8.4 g, 33 mmol), potassiumacetate (6.5 g, 66 mmol) and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (1.2 g, 1.76mmol) were respectively added to a solution of compound 3-d (5.1 g, 22mmol) in dioxane (150 mL), the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 6 hrs.The mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue wasfiltered through celite, the filtrate cake was washed with dioxane (50mL), the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified with silica column chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound3-c (6 g, yield 97%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=280 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 3-b

At 0° C., under N₂ atmosphere, potassium tert-butanolate (71 mg, 0.63mmol) was added to a solution of methyl(methylthiomethyl)sulfoxide (78mg, 0.63 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30mins, followed by adding compound 2-d (100 mg, 0.42 mmol), stirred for 1h at room temperature, then evaporated under reduced pressure. 2M HCl inmethanol (5 mL) was added to the residue, the mixture was refluxed for 3hrs, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedwith silica column chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give compound 3-b (70mg, yield 60%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=281 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 3-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 3-c (40 mg, 0.14 mmol), sodium carbonate(46 mg, 0.43 mmol) and [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladiumdichloride (30 mg, 0.036 mmol) were respectively added to a mixedsolution of compound 3-b (40 mg, 0.14 mmol) in ethylene glycol dimethylether (150 mL) and water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at 75° C. for16 hrs, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to give compound3-a (27 mg, yield 53%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=353 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 3

At room temperature, 1M LiOH aqueous solution (1.0 mL) was added to amixed solution of compound 3-a (27 mg, 0.076 mmol) in methanol (5 mL)and THF (5 mL), the mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, and evaporated underreduced pressure. The residue was dissolved with water (6 mL), adjustedto pH=3 with 1M citric acid aqueous solution, solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give white solid 3 (20 mg, yield 77%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=339 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.34 (s, br., 1H), 9.47 (s, 1H), 8.45 (s,1H), 8.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.85 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.59 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 3.63(s, 2H) ppm.

Embodiment 4 2{[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio-2-methylpropionicAcid (Compound 4)

Synthesis of Compound 4-c

6-Bromoisoquinoline (10.4 g, 50 mmol) and N-iodosuccinimide (13.5 g, 60mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), the mixture was reactedfor 8 hrs at 80° C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, followedby concentrating under reduced pressure to remove half of acetic acid,the residue was filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washedwith DCM (200 mL), the organic phase was in turn washed with saturatedsodium sulfite solution (200 mL) and water (100 mL), dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified with silica column chromatography(PE:EA=5:1) to give compound 4-c (11.6 g, yield 70%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=334 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 4-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 4-c (2.33 g, 10 mmol), 4-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (1.5 g, 10 mmol) and sodium carbonate (2.12 g, 20 mmol)were suspended in dioxane (40 mL) and water (10 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (0.55 g, 1mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, and thencooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered through celite, thefiltrate cake was washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate was in turnwashed with water (100 mL×3) and saturated brine (100 mL), dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to givecompound 4-b (1.6 g, yield 52%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=309 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 4-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (0.29g, 0.5 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(0.46 mg, 0.5 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 4-b (1.5 g, 5mmol), ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (0.75 g, 5 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (1.29 g, 1 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL), the mixturewas reacted in microwave at 110° C. for 30 mins. The mixture was cooledto room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure to removedioxane. The residue was filtered through celite, the filtrate cake waswashed with EA (200 mL). The filtrate was in turn washed with water (100mL×3) and saturated brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound4-a (1.39 g, yield 74%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=377 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 4

At room temperature, LiOH (0.178 g, 0.74 mmol) was added to a mixedsolution of compound 4-a (1.39 g, 0.37 mmol) in methanol (5 mL), THF (20mL) and water (5 mL), the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1h, 2M HCl aqueous solution (2 mL) and water (20 mL) were added, solidwas precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed with water (10mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 4 (1.1 g, yield 85%).

LC-MS (ESI): m/z=349 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.78 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H),8.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (m, 4H), 1.44 (s,6H) ppm.

Embodiment 52{[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}-2-methylpropionic Acid(Compound 5)

Synthesis of Compound 5-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 4-c (0.66 g, 2 mmol), compound 3-c (0.56g, 2 mmol) and sodium carbonate (0.42 g, 0.4 mmol) were suspended indioxane (4 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (0.12 g, 0.2mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, and thencooled to room temperature, filtered through celite, washed with EA (20mL). The filtrate was in turn washed with water (10 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound 5-b (0.46 g, yield64%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=359 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 5-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (0.06g, 0.1 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(0.1 g, 0.1 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 5-b (0.36 g, 1mmol), ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (0.15 g, 1 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (0.26 g, 2 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL), the mixturewas reacted in a microwave at 110° C. for 30 mins. The mixture wascooled to room temperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressureto remove dioxane, the residue was filtered through celite, the filtratecake was washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate was in turn washed withwater (50 mL×3) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to givecompound 5-a (0.37 g, yield 87%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=427 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 5

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a mixed solutionof compound 5-a (370 mg, 0.86 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) andwater (1 mL), the mixture was stirred for 1 h, and then 2M HCl aqueoussolution (2 mL) and water (20 mL) were added, solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (10 mL), dried undervacuum to give white solid 5 (280 mg, yield 82%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=399[M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.67 (s, 1H), 9.51 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H),8.35 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.27(m, 2H), 7.85 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 1.27 (s, 3H), 1.24 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 6 2{[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl]oxy}-2-methylpropionicAcid (Compound 6)

Synthesis of Compound 6-c

Under N₂ atmosphere, bis(pinacolato)diboron (3.1 g, 12 mmol), potassiumacetate (2.0 g, 20 mmol) and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (0.56 g, 1mmol) were respectively added to a solution of compound 4-b (3.1 g, 10mmol) in dioxane (15 mL), the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 8 hrs.The mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through celite, thefiltrate cake was washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate was in turnwashed with water (50 mL×3) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified with silica column chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give white solid 6-c (1.76 g, yield 63%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=275 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 6-b

At 0° C., 30% H₂O₂ solution (2 mL) was added to a solution of compound6-c (1.1 g, 4 mmol) in THF (20 mL), the mixture was stirred for 4 hrsbefore water (100 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with EA (100mL×3), the combined organic phases were washed in turn with water (50mL×3) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give white solid6-b (0.5 g, yield 50%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=247 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 6-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (190 mg, 1 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (138 mg, 1 mmol) were added to a solution ofcompound 6-b (75 mg, 0.3 mmol) in acetonitrile (4 mL), the mixture wasreacted for 3 hrs at 80° C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was filtered throughcelite, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate wasin turn washed with water (8 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=3:1) to give yellow liquid 6-a (56 mg, yield 52%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=361 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 6

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a mixed solutionof compound 6-a (56 mg, 0.156 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (1 mL), the mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2M HClaqueous solution (2 mL) and water (1 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum togive white solid 6 (32 mg, yield 62%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=333 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 13.27 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H),8.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 1.55 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 7

Compound 7A

Compound 7B

Synthesis of Compound 7A-a and 7B-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, ethyl 2-bromopropionate (540 mg, 3 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (560 mg, 4 mmol) were added to a solution ofcompound 6-b (500 mg, 2 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL), the mixture wasreacted for 6 hrs at 80° C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was filtered throughcelite, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (200 mL). The filtrate waswashed with water (50 mL×3) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=3:1) to give yellow liquid, followed by separating withenantiomeric chromatographic column (process I, mobilephase:Hexane:EtOH:DEA=70:30:0.1) to give enantiomer 7A-a which isobtained firstly (80 mg, yield 11.5%; LC-MS (ESI): m/z=347 [M+H]⁺)(T_(r)=9.0 min) and enantiomer 7B-a which is obtained later (90 mg,yield 13%; LC-MS (ESI): m/z=347 [M+H]⁺) (T_(r)=11.0 min). The absoluteconfiguration of 7A-a and 7B-a is unknown.

Synthesis of Compound 7A

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a mixed solutionof compound 7A-a (70 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (1 mL), the mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2M HClaqueous solution (2 mL) and water (2 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give white solid 7A (51 mg, yield 80%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=319 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 13.15 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H),8.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.89 (m, 1H), 1.53(d, J=8.0 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Synthesis of Compound 7B

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a mixed solutionof compound 7B-a (70 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (1 mL), the mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2M HClaqueous solution (2 mL) and water (2 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give white solid 7B (46 mg, yield 72%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=319 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 13.15 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H),8.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.89 (m, 1H), 1.53(d, J=8.0 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 82{[4-(4-Cyano-2-fluorophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}-2-methylpropionicAcid (Compound 8)

Synthesis of Compound 8-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 4-c (330 mg, 1 mmol),2-fluoro-4-cyanophenylboronic acid (165 mg, 1 mmol) and sodium carbonate(212 mg, 0.2 mmol) were suspended in a mixed solution of dioxane (4 mL)and water (1 mL), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladiumdichloride (56 mg, 0.1 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80°C. for 3 hrs, cooled to room temperature, filtered through celite, thefiltrate cake was washed with EA (20 mL). The filtrate was in turnwashed with water (10 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=3:1) to give compound 8-b (63 mg, yield 19%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=387 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 8-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (12mg, 0.02 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(20 mg, 0.02 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 8-b (63 mg, 0.2mmol), ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (30 mg, 0.2 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (52 mg, 0.4 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL), the mixturewas reacted in a microwave at 110° C. for 30 mins. The mixture wascooled to room temperature, followed by evaporating dioxane underreduced pressure, the residue was filtered through celite, the filtratecake was washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate was in turn washed withwater (10 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to givecompound 8-a (72 mg, yield 91.3%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=395 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 8

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a mixed solutionof compound 8-a (72 mg, 0.18 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2M HClaqueous solution (2 mL) and water (2 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give white solid 8 (16 mg, yield 24%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=367 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.8 (s, 1H), 9.44 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H),8.23 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.78 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 1.44 (s,6H) ppm.

Embodiment 92{[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)-8-fluoroisoquinolin-6-yl]thio}-2-methylpropionicAcid (Compound 9)

Synthesis of Compound 9-f

At 0° C., p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (4.00 g, 21 mmol) was added inportion to a solution of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzylamine (4.08 g, 20 mmol)and triethylamine (4.04 g, 40 mmol) in DCM (60 mL). The mixture wasreacted at 0° C. for 30 mins, followed by removing the ice bath, furtherreacting at room temperature for 16 hrs, then being concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give compound 9-f (5.30 g, yield 74%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=358 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 9-e

At room temperature, 2-bromo-1,1-diethoxyethane (3.0 g, 15 mmol), cesiumcarbonate (6.5 g, 20 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 9-f(3.57 g, 10 mmol) in DMF (15 mL). The mixture was reacted for 16 hrs at80° C., concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bycolumn chromatography (PE:EA=8:1) to give compound 9-e (3.80 g, 80%).

Synthesis of Compound 9-d

At −5° C., compound 9-e (1.50 mg, 3.18 mmol) was added to a mixture ofAlCl₃ (2.0 g, 15 mmol) in DCM (20 mL). The mixture was reacted for 16hrs at room temperature, followed by adding 2M HCl aqueous solution (20mL), extracted with DCM (30 mL×3). The organic phases were combined,washed in turn with water (10 mL×3) and saturated brine (20 mL), driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=7:1) to give compound 9-d (220 mg, yield 31%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=226 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 9-c

Compound 9-d (200 mg, 0.89 mmol) and N-iodosuccinimide (300 mg, 1.33mmol) were dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2mL), the mixture was reacted for 6 hrs at 80° C. The mixture was cooledto room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove thesolvent. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=8:1) to give compound 9-c (200 mg, yield 64%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=352 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 9-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 9-c (144 mg, 0.4 mmol), compound 3-c (111mg, 0.4 mmol) and sodium carbonate (170 mg, 1.6 mmol) were suspended inethylene glycol dimethyl ether (10 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (43 mg, 0.05mmol) was added. The mixture was reacted for 4 hrs at 50° C., cooled toroom temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound9-b (100 mg, yield 66%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=377 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 9-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (30mg, 0.033 mmol) and4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine))-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene (38 mg, 0.066mmol) were added to a solution of compound 9-b (110 mg, 0.29 mmol),ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (64 mg, 0.44 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (187 mg, 1.45 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL). Themixture was reacted for 5 hrs at 100° C., followed by cooling to roomtemperature, concentrating under reduced pressure to remove dioxane. Theresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to givecompound 9-a (120 mg, yield 93%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=445 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 9

At room temperature, 1M LiOH aqueous solution (2.0 mL) was added to amixed solution of compound 9-a (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in methanol (8 mL)and THF (8 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hrs,followed by being concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue wasdissolved with water (10 mL), adjusted to pH=3 with 1M citric acidaqueous solution, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid waswashed with water (10 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 9 (70mg, yield 76%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=417 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.79 (s, br., 1H), 9.61 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s,1H), 8.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=7.2 Hz,1H), 7.75 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=10.4 Hz,1H), 7.42 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H)ppm.

Embodiment 102{[4-(5-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}-2-methylpropionicAcid (Compound 10)

Synthesis of Compound 10-e

5-Bromo-1-naphthoic acid (980 mg, 3.92 mmol) was added to thionylchloride (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 2 hrs,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved inanhydrous THF (10 mL), the solution was added dropwise into 25%-28%aqueous ammonia (20 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was warmed to roomtemperature and further stirred for 2 hrs, followed by being extractedwith EA (60 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reducedpressure to give white solid 10-e (950 mg, yield 97%). The product wasused directly for the next step without further purification. LC-MS(ESI): m/z=250 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 10-d

At 0° C., trifluoroacetic anhydride (3.2 g, 15.1 mmol) was addeddropwise to a solution of compound 10-e (0.94 g, 3.78 mmol) andtriethylamine (1.53 g, 15.1 mmol) in THF (8 mL). The mixture was slowlywarmed to room temperature and further reacted for 3 hrs, and thenconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 10-d (0.85 g, yield97%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=232 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 10-c

Under N₂ atmosphere, bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.32 g, 5.2 mmol),potassium acetate (1.0 g, 10.38 mmol) and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (0.253 g,0.346 mmol) were added respectively to a solution of compound 10-d (0.8g, 3.46 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for6 hrs, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 10-c (0.85 g,yield 88%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=280 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 10-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 10-c (200 mg, 0.72 mmol), compound 4-c(200 mg, 0.6 mmol) and sodium carbonate (130 mg, 1.2 mmol) weresuspended in dioxane (20 mL) and water (2 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (50 mg, 0.06mmol) was added. The mixture was reacted for 2 hrs at 80° C., cooled toroom temperature, filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washedwith EA (20 mL), the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) togive compound 10-b (50 mg, yield 81%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=359 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 10-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (16mg, 0.015 mmol) and4,5-bis(bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene (17 mg, 0.03mmol) were added to a solution of compound 10-b (53 mg, 0.15 mmol),ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (28 mg, 0.19 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (38 mg, 0.29 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL). The mixturewas reacted for 6 hrs at 100° C., cooled to room temperature, followedby being concentrated under reduced pressure to remove dioxane. Theresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to givecompound 10-a (45 mg, yield 71%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=427 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 10

At room temperature, 1M NaOH aqueous solution (2.5 mL) was added to asolution of compound 10-a (59 mg, 0.14 mmol) in methanol (5 mL), themixture was stirred for 5 hrs, followed by adding 1M HCl aqueoussolution to adjust pH=6, being concentrated under reduced pressure toremove methanol, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid waswashed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 10 (43mg, yield 78%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=399 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.63 (s, 1H), 9.50 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H),8.28 (m, 3H), 7.99 (m, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (m, 3H), 7.26(s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 3H), 1.23 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 112-{[4-(8-Cyano-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxan-5-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}-2-methylpropionicAcid (Compound 11)

Synthesis of Compound 11-f

At room temperature, diphenyl phosphoryl azide (8.02 g, 29 mmol) andtriethyl amine (4.2 g, 42 mmol) were added to a solution of2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxane-5-carboxylic acid (5.0 g, 28 mmol) inanhydrous THF (110 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, followed byadding water (30 mL), heating to 70° C. and further reacting for 3 hrs,then cooling to room temperature, being extracted with EA (100 mL×3).The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give compound11-f (1.58 g, yield 37%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=152 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 11-e

At 0° C., a solution of N-bromosuccinimide (1.73 g, 9.73 mmol) inacetonitrile (5 mL) was added to a solution of compound 11-f (1.4 g,9.27 mmol) in acetonitrile (35 mL). The mixture was warmed to roomtemperature and reacted for 3 hrs, evaporated under reduced pressure toremove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=10:1 to 5:1) to give compound 11-e (1.63 g, yield77%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=230 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 11-d

At 0° C., sodium nitrite (0.5 g, 7.2 mmol) was slowly added to asuspension of compound 11-e (1.5 g, 6.55 mmol) in 3M HCl aqueoussolution (12 mL), reacted for 30 mins, sodium bicarbonate solid wasadded to adjust the reaction mixture to pH=7. The mixture was heated to60° C., a solution of CuCN (0.7 g, 7.86 mmol) and KCN (1.06 g, 16.37mmol) in water (20 mL) was added dropwise, and further stirred for 30mins. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, extractedwith DCM (60 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 11-d (1.2 g, yield 77%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=240 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 11-c

At −78° C., a solution of 2.5M n-butyl lithium in n-hexane (1.7 mL, 4.2mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of compound 11-d (910 mg, 3.8mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 mL), the mixture was stirred for 1 h,followed by adding trimethyl borate (594 mg, 5.7 mmol) to the reactionsolution. The reaction solution was slowly warmed to room temperature,further stirred for 16 hrs, saturated NaCl aq. solution (20 mL) wasadded. Organic phase was seperated, the aqueous phase was extracted withEA (60 mL×3). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to giveyellow solid 11-c (700 mg, yield 90%). The product was directly used forthe next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=206 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 11-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 11-c (130 mg, 0.63 mmol), compound 4-c(200 mg, 0.6 mmol) and cesium carbonate (390 mg, 1.2 mmol) weresuspended to a mixture of dioxane (10 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (43 mg, 0.06mmol) was added. The mixture was reacted for 10 hrs at 80° C., cooled toroom temperature, filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washedwith EA (20 mL), the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by silica preparative plate chromatography(PE:EA=3:1) to give compound 11-b (146 mg, yield 66%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=367 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 11-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (36mg, 0.04 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(46 mg, 0.08 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 11-b (146 mg,0.52 mmol), ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (77 mg, 0.52 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (103 mg, 0.8 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL). The mixturewas stirred for 6 hrs at 100° C., cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure to remove dioxane. The residue waspurified by silica preparative plate chromatography (PE:EA=1:2) to givecompound 11-a (147 mg, yield 85%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=435 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 11

At room temperature, 1M NaOH aq. solution (2.5 mL) was added to asolution of compound 11-a (146 mg, 0.34 mmol) in methanol (5 mL), themixture was stirred for 5 hrs. The mixture was adjusted to pH=6 with 1MHCl aq. solution, concentrated under reduced pressure to removemethanol, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washedwith water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 11 (95 mg,yield 69%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=407 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.79 (s, 1H), 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H),8.42 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (m, 2H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 1.47 (s, 3H),1.44 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 122-{[4-(4-Cyano-7-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}-2-methylpropionic Acid (Compound 12)

Synthesis of Compound 12-f

At room temperature, diphenyl phosphoryl azide (7.6 g, 27.6 mmol) andtriethyl amine (4.0 g, 54 mmol) were added to a solution of6-fluoronaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (5.0 g, 26.3 mmol) in anhydrousTHF (60 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, followed by adding water(30 mL), heating to 70° C. and further stirring for 3 hrs. The reactionsolution was cooled to room temperature, extracted with EA (150 mL×3).The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=15:1) to give compound12-f (1.0 g, yield 16%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=162 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 12-e

At 0° C., a solution of N-bromosuccinimide (1.55 g, 8.7 mmol) in DCM (5mL) was added dropwise to a solution of compound 12-f (1.4 g, 8.7 mmol)in DCM (50 mL). The reaction solution was stirred for 30 mins,concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=15:1) to givecompound 12-e (1.45 g, yield 70%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=240 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 12-d

At 0° C., sodium nitrite (0.5 g, 7.2 mmol) was slowly added to asuspension of compound 12-e (800 mg, 3.3 mmol) in 3M HCl aqueoussolution (12 mL), the mixture was reacted for 30 mins, sodiumbicarbonate solid was added to adjust the reaction solution to pH=7. At60° C., the mixture was added to a solution of CuCN (357 mg, 4.0 mmol)and KCN (536 mg, 8.25 mmol) in water (20 mL), the mixture was furtherreacted for 30 mins. The reaction solution was cooled to roomtemperature, extracted with DCM (60 mL×3). The organic phases werecombined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give compound 12-d (420 mg, yield50%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=250 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 12-c

At −78° C., a solution of 2.5M n-butyl lithium in n-hexane (0.5 mL, 1.17mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of compound 12-d (226 mg, 0.9mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h,followed by adding trimethyl borate (142 mg, 1.36 mmol) dropwise, thenslowly warming to room temperature, and further stirring for 16 hrs, 1MHCl aqueous solution (5 mL) was added. The organic phase was seperated,the aqueous phase was extracted with EA (30 mL×3). The organic phaseswere combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure to give yellow solid 12-c (200 mg,yield 100%). The product was directly used for the next step withoutfurther purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=216 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 12-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 12-c (120 mg, 0.93 mmol), compound 4-c(223 mg, 1.11 mmol) and cesium carbonate (363 mg, 1.11 mmol) weresuspended in a mixture of dioxane (8 mL) and water (0.8 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (41 mg, 0.056mmol) was added. The mixture was reacted for 5 hrs at 80° C., cooled toroom temperature, filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washedwith EA (20 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure,the residue was purified by silica preparative plate chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 12-b (90 mg, yield 43%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=377 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 12-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (22mg, 0.02 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(28 mg, 0.05 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 12-b (90 mg,0.24 mmol), ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (46 mg, 0.3 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (62 mg, 0.48 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL). The mixturewas stirred for 6 hrs at 100° C., cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure to remove dioxane. The residue waspurified by silica preparative plate chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to givecompound 12-a (100 mg, yield 94%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=445 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 12

At room temperature, 1M NaOH aq. solution (2.5 mL) was added to asolution of compound 12-a (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in methanol (5 mL), themixture was stirred for 10 hrs. The mixture was adjusted to pH=6 with 1MHCl aq. solution, concentrated under reduced pressure to removemethanol, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washedwith water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 12 (70 mg,yield 75%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=417 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.69 (s, 1H), 9.51 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H),8.47 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (m, 2H), 8.12 (m, 1H), 7.83 (m, 2H), 7.73(d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 13 3-[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl]butyric Acid(Compound 13)

Synthesis of Compound 13-e

Under N₂ atmosphere, bis(pinacolato)diboron (4.53 g, 17.82 mmol),potassium acetate (4.37 g, 44.55 mmol) and palladium acetate (0.17 g,0.74 mmol) were added respectively to a solution of1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene (3.0 g, 14.85 mmol) in DMF (10 mL). The mixturewas stirred at 80° C. for 2 hrs, followed by adding water (20 mL) and EA(20 mL), the organic phase was in turn washed with water (10 mL×3) andsaturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby silica column chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 13-e (2 g,yield 54%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=250 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 13-d

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 4-c (1.0 g, 3 mmol), compound 13-e (0.82g, 3.3 mmol) and sodium carbonate (0.95 g, 8.98 mmol) were suspended inDMF (10 mL) and water (5 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (0.245 g, 0.3mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, followed by adding water (15 mL), being extracted withEA (30 mL×3). The organic phase was in turn washed with water (20 mL×3)and saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to give compound 13-d (0.9g, yield 90%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=329 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 13-c

Under N₂ atmosphere, methyl crotonate (0.29 mL, 2.7 mmol), palladiumacetate (41 mg, 0.18 mmol), tri-o-methylphenylphosphine (111 mg, 0.36mmol) and triethyl amine (0.5 mL, 3.6 mmol) were added to a solution ofcompound 13-d (600 mg, 1.8 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The mixture was stirredfor 16 hrs at 80° C., cooled to room temperature, followed by addingwater (15 mL) and being extracted with EA (30 mL×3). The organic phasewas washed with water (20 mL×3) and saturated brine (20 mL), dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 13-c (360 mg, yield 57%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=349 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 13-b

Under H₂ atmosphere (1 atm.), Pd—C (100 mg) was added to a solution ofcompound 13-c (180 mg, 0.51 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL). The mixture wasstirred for 16 hrs at room temperature, filtered, concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 13-b (360 mg, yield 57%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=321 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 13-a

At 0° C., sodium nitrite (14.2 mg, 0.2 mmol) was slowly added to asuspension of compound 13-b (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) in concentrated HClaqueous solution (1 mL), the mixture was stirred for 30 mins, sodiumbicarbonate solid was added to adjust the reaction solution to pH=7. Themixture was heated to 60° C., then was added to a solution of CuCN (20.1mg, 0.22 mmol) and KCN (30.5 mg, 0.46 mmol) in water (3 mL), furtherreacted for 30 mins. The reaction solution was cooled to roomtemperature, extracted with DCM (20 mL×3). The organic phases werecombined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give compound 13-a (30 mg, yield48%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=331 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 13

At room temperature, LiOH (50 mg, 2 mmol) was added to a mixed solutionof compound 13-a (30 mg, 0.09 mmol) in methanol (2 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (4 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, followed by beingadjusted to pH=7 with 2M HCl aq. solution and then extracted with EA (10mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn with water (10mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound13 (10 mg, yield 35%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=317 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.10 (s, 1H), 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H),8.20 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),7.74 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 2.57 (d, J=7.6 Hz,2H), 1.26 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 14 (2E)-3-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]acrylicAcid (Compound 14)

Synthesis of Compound 14-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, methyl acrylate (0.189 mL, 2.09 mmol), palladiumacetate (31.2 mg, 0.14 mmol), tri-o-methylphenylphosphine (85 mg, 0.27mmol) and triethyl amine (0.39 mL, 2.78 mmol) were added to a solutionof compound 5-b (500 mg, 1.39 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The mixture wasstirred at 80° C. for 16 hrs, cooled to room temperature, followed byadding water (15 mL), being extracted with EA (30 mL×3). The organicphases were combined, washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified withsilica column chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 14-a (400 mg,yield 79%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=379 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 14

At room temperature, LiOH (52.6 mg, 2.19 mmol) was added to a mixedsolution of compound 14-a (80 mg, 0.22 mmol) in methanol (2 mL), THF (2mL) and water (4 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, adjusted topH=7 with 2M HCl aq. solution, extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organicphases were combined, washed in turn with water (10 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered,concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 14 (68 mg, yield88%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=351 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.60 (s, 1H), 9.51 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H),8.24 (m, 3H), 8.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (m, 4H), 6.61 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Embodiment 15 3-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]butyric Acid(Compound 15)

Synthesis of Compound 15-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, methyl crotonate (72 mg, 0.56 mmol), palladiumacetate (12.5 mg, 0.05 mmol), tri-o-methylphenylphosphine (34 mg, 0.11mmol) and triethyl amine (0.15 mL, 1.11 mmol) were added to a solutionof compound 5-b (200 mg, 0.56 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The mixture wasstirred at 80° C. for 16 hrs, cooled to room temperature, followed byadding water (10 mL), being extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organicphases were combined, washed in turn with water (10 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 15-b (120 mg, yield59%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=379 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 15-a

At 0° C., NaBH₄ (120 mg, 3.17 mmol) was slowly added to a solution ofcompound 15-b (120 mg, 0.31 mmol) and NiCl₂ (102 mg, 0.79 mmol) inmethanol (150 mL). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4.5 hrs, warmedto room temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure, followedby adding water (20 mL) to the residue, being extracted with EA (50mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn with water (50mL×3) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified with silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to give compound15-a (45 mg, yield 37%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=381 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 15

At room temperature, LiOH (28.3 mg, 1.18 mmol) was added to a mixedsolution of compound 15-a (45 mg, 0.11 mmol) in methanol (2 mL), THF (2mL) and water (4 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, and thenadjusted to pH=7 with 2M HCl aq. solution, extracted with EA (20 mL×3).The organic phases were combined, washed in turn with water (10 mL×3)and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 15 (18mg, yield 42%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=367 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.25 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (t, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.35 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d,J=10 Hz, 1H), 3.12 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 1.07 (m,3H) ppm.

Embodiment 16 3-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]-2-methylpropionic Acid (Compound 16)

Synthesis of Compound 16-b

At 0° C., NaBH₄ (145 mg, 3.84 mmol) was slowly added to a solution ofcompound 14-a (350 mg, 0.96 mmol) and NiCl₂ (62.2 mg, 0.48 mmol) inmethanol (150 mL). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4.5 hrs, warmedto room temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure, followedby adding water (20 mL) to the residue, being extracted with EA (50mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn with water (50mL×3) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified with silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to give compound16-b (200 mg, yield 57%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=367 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 16-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, at −78° C., a solution of 2.5M n-butyl lithium inn-hexane (0.87 mL, 2.18 mmol) was added dropwise in a solution ofdiisopropylamine (0.11 mL, 2.18 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). Themixture was stirred for 30 mins, a solution of compound 16-b (200 mg,0.55 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was added dropwise, and the mixturewas further stirred for 30 mins, a solution of CH₃I (139.5 mg, 0.98mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was added dropwise, the mixture was slowlywarmed to room temperature and further stirred for 2 hrs, saturatedNH₄Cl aq. solution (10 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted with EA(20 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to givecompound 16-a (20 mg, yield 19%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=381 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 16

At room temperature, LiOH (25 mg, 1.05 mmol) was added to a mixedsolution of compound 16-a (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in methanol (2 mL), THF (2mL) and water (4 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, adjusted topH=7 with 2M HCl aq. solution, extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organicphases were combined, washed in turn with water (10 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered,concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 16 (10 mg, yield52%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=367 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.36(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (m, 2H), 7.81 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),2.97 (m, 1H), 2.65 (m, 2H), 1.02 (m,3H) ppm.

Embodiment 173-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]-2,2-dimethyl propionicAcid (Compound 17)

Synthesis of Compound 17-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, at −78° C., a solution of 2.5M n-butyl lithium inn-hexane (0.87 mL, 2.18 mmol) was slowly added to a solution ofdiisopropylamine (0.11 mL, 2.18 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) dropwise.The mixture was stirred for 30 mins, followed by adding a solution ofcompound 16-b (200 mg, 0.55 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) dropwise,further stirred for 30 mins, followed by adding a solution of CH₃I(139.5 mg, 0.98 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL). The mixture was slowlywarmed to room temperature, further stirred for 2 hrs, followed byadding saturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (10 mL) and being extracted with EA(20 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to givecompound 17-a (20 mg, yield 18.5%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=395 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 17

At room temperature, LiOH (24 mg, 1.01 mmol) was added to a mixedsolution of compound 17-a (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in methanol (2 mL), THF (2mL) and water (4 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, followed byadding 2M HCl aq. solution to adjust pH=7, and then extracted with EA(20 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn with water(10 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate,filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17 (5 mg,yield 26%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=381 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.8Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 5H), 7.11 (s,1H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 1.02 (s, 3H), 0.97 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 18 2-{[8-(4-Cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-2-yl]thio}-2-methylpropionic Acid (Compound 18)

Synthesis of Compound 18-b

8-Bromo-2-chloroquinazoline (110 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added to asuspension of ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (80 mg, 0.54 mmol),potassium carbonate (124 mg, 0.9 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). The mixture wasstirred for 3 hrs at 130° C., cooled to room temperature, followed byadding water (20 mL), being extracted with EA (30 mL×3). The organicphases were combined, washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=δ: 6:1) to give colorless oil 18-b (108 mg,yield 67.5%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=355 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 18-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 18-b (108 mg, 0.3 mmol), 4-cyanophenylboronic acid (54 mg, 0.36 mmol) and cesium carbonate (196 mg, 0.6 mmol)were suspended in dioxane (10 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (40 mg, 0.05mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 hrs, followedby cooling to room temperature, being concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=5:1) to give colorless oil 18-a (83 mg, yield 72%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=378 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 18

At room temperature, 1M NaOH aq. solution (2.0 mL) was added to asolution of compound 18-a (83 mg, 0.22 mmol) in methanol (5 mL). Themixture was stirred for 2 hrs, followed by adding 1M HCl aq. solution toadjust pH=5-6, being extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organic phaseswere combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC(mobile phase: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ aq. solution:acetonitrile=25%-55%) to giveyellow solid 18 (7 mg, yield 9%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=350 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.31 (s, 1H), 8.07 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz,1H), 7.98 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (dd, J=7.8 Hz, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 1.68 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 19{[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl](methyl)carbamoyl}formic Acid(Compound 19)

Synthesis of Compound 19-g

Under CO atmosphere (10 atm.), a mixture of 6-bromoisoquinoline (5.0 g,24 mmol), sodium acetate (2.56 g, 31 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (2.77 g, 2.4 mmol), palladiumacetate (1.1 g, 4.8 mmol), DMF (50 mL) and DCM (50 mL) was heated to100° C., stirred for 16 hrs and then cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure to remove methanol. Water (100 mL)was added to the residue, EA (200 mL×2) was used for extract. Theorganic phases were combined, washed in turn with water (100 mL×3) andsaturated brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give white solid 19-g (4.34g, yield 96%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=188 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 19-f

N-Bromosuccinimide (6.19 g, 34.8 mmol), compound 19-g (4.34 g, 23.2mmol) and acetic acid (25 mL) were added to 80° C. and stirred for 16hrs, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated underreduced pressure. Saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added to theresidue (30 mL), the mixture was extracted with EA (50 mL×2). Theorganic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give compound 19-f(3.59 g, yield 58%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=268 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 19-e

At room temperature, 2M NaOH aq. solution (10 mL) was added to asolution of compound 19-f (3.59 g, 13.5 mmol) in methanol (30 mL). Themixture was stirred for 16 hrs, followed by adding 1M HCl aq. solutionto adjust pH=5-6, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid waswashed with water (10 mL), dried under vacuum to give yellow solid 19-e(3.29 g, yield 96.8%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=254 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 19-d

At room temperature, diphenyl phosphoryl azide (5.2 g, 25.2 mmol) andtriethyl amine (2.5 g, 25.2 mmol) were added to a solution of compound19-e (3.17 g, 12.6 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL). The mixture wasstirred for 3 hrs, followed by adding water (10 mL), refluxing for 12hrs, then cooling to room temperature, being concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give yellow solid 19-g (0.2 g, yield 7%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=225 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 19-c

Sodium methoxide (218 mg, 4.03 mmol) and polyformaldehyde (121 mg, 4.03mmol) were added to a solution of compound 19-d (180 mg, 0.81 mmol) inmethanol (6 mL). The mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hrs, cooled to 0° C.,NaBH₄ (185 mg, 4.86 mmol) was added in portions. The mixture wasrefluxed again for 1.5 hrs, then cooled to room temperature, saturatedNaHCO₃ (30 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted with DCM (20 mL×3).The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to give yellow solid 19-c(175 mg, yield 91.6%), the product was directly used for the next stepwithout further purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=237 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 19-b

At room temperature, ethyl oxalyl monochloride (151 mg, 1.11 mmol) wasadded to a solution of compound 19-c (175 mg, 0.74 mmol) and triethylamine (150 mg, 1.48 mmol) in DCM (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1h, followed by adding water (10 mL), being extracted with DCM (20 mL×3).The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to give yellow oil 19-b(249 mg, yield 99%), the product was directly used for the next stepwithout further purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=339 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 19-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 19-b (249 mg, 0.74 mmol),4-cyanophenylboronic acid (163 mg, 1.11 mmol) and sodium carbonate (157mg, 1.48 mmol) were suspended in dioxane (15 mL) and water (2 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (54 mg, 0.07mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 12 hrs, followedby cooling to room temperature, being concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=3:1-1:1) to give compound 19-a (90 mg, yield 34%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=360 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 19

At room temperature, LiOH (2.0 mL) was added to a solution of compound19-a (90 mg, 0.25 mmol) in methanol (5 mL), THF (3 mL) and water (1 mL).The reaction solution was stirred for 2 hrs, and then concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was adjusted to pH=5-6 with 1M HCl aq.solution, then extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organic phases werecombined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentratedunder reduce pressure. The residue underwent HPLC preparation (mobilephase: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ aq. solution:acetonitrile=25%-55%) to give whitesolid 19 (5 mg, yield 7%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=332 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.6Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (m, 4H), 3.39 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 20{[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl](methyl)carbamoyl}formicAcid (Compound 20)

Synthesis of Compound 20

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 19-b (260 mg, 0.77 mmol), compound 3-c(258 mg, 0.93 mmol) and sodium carbonate (163 mg, 1.54 mmol) weresuspended in dioxane (8 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (56 mg, 0.07mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 12 hrs, followedby cooling to room temperature, being concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue underwent HPLC preparation (mobile phase: 10 mMNH₄HCO₃ aq. solution: acetonitrile=25%-45%) to give yellow solid 20 (40mg, yield 13.6%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=382 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=8.7Hz, 2H), 8.20 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J=8.6 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71(d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.33 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H)ppm.

Embodiment 212-{[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}propionic Acid(Compound 21)

Synthesis of Compound 21-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (24mg, 0.05 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(30 mg, 0.05 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 5-b (185 mg,0.51 mmol), ethyl 2-mercaptopropionate (83 mg, 0.61 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (133 mg, 1.03 mmol) in dioxane (6 mL). The mixturewas reacted in a microwave at 110° C. for 1 h, cooled to roomtemperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to removedioxane. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=3:2) to give yellow solid 21-a (163 mg, yield 77%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=413 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 21

At room temperature, LiOH (12 mg, 0.29 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 21-a (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 1M HClaq. solution to adjust pH=5-6, the mixture was extracted with EA (15mL×2). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to give whitesolid 21 (16 mg, yield 57%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=385 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.27 (m, 3H),7.85 (s, 1H), 7.72 (dd, J=11.7 Hz, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),7.45 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (s, 1H), 1.24 (m,3H) ppm.

Embodiment 222-{[4-(3-Chloro-4-cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}-2-methyl propionicAcid (Compound 22)

Synthesis of Compound 22-c

Under N₂ atmosphere, bis(pinacolato)diboron (391 mg, 1.54 mmol),potassium acetate (412 mg, 4.2 mmol) and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (102 mg, 0.14mmol) were respectively added to a solution of2-chloro-4-bromobenzonitrile (300 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL). Themixture was stirred at 115° C. for 12 hrs, cooled to room temperature,filtered through celite, washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate wasevaporated under reduced pressure to give compound 22-c (620 mg, yield100%). The product was directly used for the next step without furtherpurification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=182 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 22-b

Compound 4-c (80 mg, 0.24 mmol) was added to a suspension of ethyl2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (71 mg, 0.48 mmol) and potassium carbonate(100 mg, 0.72 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at 130° C.for 2 hrs, cooled to room temperature, followed by adding water (20 mL),being extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organic phases were combined,washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) and saturated brine (20 mL), driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified with silica preparative plate(PE:EA=3:1) to give yellow oil 22-b (75 mg, yield 78%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=402 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 22-a

Under N2 atmosphere, compound 22-b (60 mg, 0.15 mmol), compound 22-c(120 mg, 0.23 mmol) and cesium carbonate (98 mg, 0.3 mmol) weresuspended in dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (11 mg, 0.02 mmol) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 12 hrs, cooled to roomtemperature, followed by adding water (10 mL), being extracted with EA(10 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn with water(10 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified with silica preparative plate (DCM: methanol=20:1) to givebrown solid 22-a (43 mg, yield 70%).

Synthesis of Compound 22

At room temperature, 1M NaOH aq. solution (1 mL) was added to a solutionof compound 22-a (43 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) and THF (1 mL).The mixture was stirred for 4 hrs, followed by evaporating under reducedpressure to remove methanol. The residue was adjusted to pH=5-6 with 1MHCl aq. solution, followed by being extracted with DCM (10 mL×3). Theorganic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica preparative plate (DCM:methanol=10:1) to give yellowsolid 22 (21 mg, yield 53%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=383 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 7.95 (s, 2H), 7.78 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.63 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.61 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 232-{[4-(2-Chloro-4-cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}-2-methyl propionicAcid (Compound 23)

Synthesis of Compound 23-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, bis(pinacolato)diboron (391 mg, 1.54 mmol),potassium acetate (412 mg, 4.5 mmol) and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (102 mg, 0.14mmol) were respectively added to a solution of2-chloro-4-bromobenzonitrile (300 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL). Themixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12 hrs, cooled to room temperature,filtered through celite, washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate wasevaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified bysilica preparative plate to give white solid 23-b (73 mg, yield 20%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=1.2 Hz,1H), 7.52 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 1.37 (s, 12H) ppm.

Synthesis of Compound 23-a

Under N2 atmosphere, compound 22-b (100 mg, 0.15 mmol), compound 23-b(73 mg, 0.27 mmol) and cesium carbonate (163 mg, 0.5 mmol) weresuspended in dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (19 mg, 0.03mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 12 hrs, cooledto room temperature, followed by adding water (10 mL), being extractedwith EA (10 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn withwater (10 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica preparative plate (DCM:methanol=20:1) to givewhite solid 23-a (72 mg, yield 71%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=411 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 23

At room temperature, 1M NaOH aq. solution (1 mL) was added to a solutionof compound 23-a (72 mg, 0.18 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) and THF (1 mL).The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, followed by evaporating under reducedpressure to remove methanol. The residue was adjusted to pH=5-6 with 1MHCl aq. solution, followed by being extracted with DCM (10 mL×3). Theorganic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified with silica preparative plate (DCM:methanol=10:1) to give whitesolid 23 (31 mg, yield 46%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=383 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.73(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 241-{[4-(4-cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]thio}cyclobutane-1-carboxylicAcid (Compound 24)

Synthesis of Compound 24-a

Na₂S.9H₂O (182 mg, 0.75 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 5-b(180 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was reacted in a microwaveat 130° C. for 1 h, cooled to room temperature, 1-bromo-cyclobutanoicacid ethyl ester (155 mg, 0.75 mmol) was added, the mixture was stirredat 50° C. for 2 hrs. The mixture was cooled to room temperature,followed by adding ice water (20 mL), being extracted with EA (50 mL).The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica preparative plate (PE:EA=1:1) to give white solid24-a (89 mg, yield 40%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=439 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 24

At room temperature, LiOH.H₂O (26 mg, 0.61 mmol) was added to a mixedsolution of compound 24-a (89 mg, 0.20 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (1mL) and water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 4 hrs, concentratedunder reduced pressure, followed by adding water (10 mL) and EA (20 mL).The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH=5-6 with 0.5M HCl aq. solution,solid turned out, the mixture was further stirred for 30 mins andfiltered. The solid was washed with water (10 mL), dried under vacuum togive white solid 24 (65 mg, yield 78%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=411 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.69 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H),8.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.83 (m, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 3H), 1.71 (m, 2H)ppm.

Embodiment 25 3-{3-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-1-methylimidazole[1,5-a]pyridine-6-yl}propionicAcid (Compound 25)

Synthesis of Compound 25-e

At 0° C., a solution of 3M methyl magnesium bromide in THF (2.09 mL,6.28 mmol) was added into a solution of 5-bromo-2-cyanopyridine (1.0 g,5.46 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixture was warmed to roomtemperature slowly, further stirred for 30 mins, and followed by addingmethanol (20 mL), adding NaBH₄ (410 mg, 10.93 mmol) in portions. Themixture was further stirred for 10 hrs, followed by adding water (10 mL)and 2M NaOH aq. solution (10 mL) in turn, being extracted with EA (50mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn with water (20mL×3) and saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica preparative plate (PE:EA=1:1) to give white solid25-e (1.0 g, yield 91%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=201 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 25-d

At room temperature, oxalyl chloride (0.69 g, 5.47 mmol) and DMF (0.1mL) were added to a solution of 2,6-dichlorophenylacetic acid (1.02 g,4.97 mmol) in DCM (10 mL), the mixture was stirred for 2 hrs andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM(10 mL) again, at 0° C., the above solution was slowly added to asolution of compound 25-e (1.0 g, 4.97 mmol) and triethyl amine (1.39mL, 9.95 mmol) in DCM (10 mL). The mixture was warmed to roomtemperature and further stirred for 2 hrs, followed by adding water (20mL), and being extracted with DCM (50 mL×3). The organic phases werecombined, washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) and saturated brine (20mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified (PE:EA=5:1) to givelight yellow solid 25-d (0.9 g, yield 46%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=387 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 25-c

Under N₂ atmosphere, methyl acrylate (0.186 mL, 2.06 mmol), palladiumacetate (23.1 mg, 0.1 mmol), tris(o-methylphenyl)phosphine (62.7 mg, 0.2mmol) and triethyl amine (0.28 mL, 2 mmol) were added to a solution ofcompound 25-d (400 mg, 1.03 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The mixture was reactedin a microwave at 120° C. for 10 mins, cooled to room temperature,followed by adding water (15 mL), being extracted with EA (30 mL×3). Theorganic phase was washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 25-c (400 mg, yield98%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=393 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 25-b

Under H₂ atmosphere (1 atm.), the Pd—C (50 mg) was added to a solutionof compound 25-c (400 mg, 1.02 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL). The mixture wasstirred for 12 hrs, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure togive compound 25-b (350 mg, yield 87%). The product was used directlyfor the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=3931M+Hr.

Synthesis of Compound 25-a

Compound 25-b (350 mg, 0.89 mmol) was dissolved in phosphorusoxychloride (8 mL), stirred at 110° C. for 5 hrs. The mixture was cooledto room temperature, added to ice water (20 mL), followed by addingsodium carbonate solid to adjust pH=8, and then extracted with EA (30mL×3). The organic phases were in turn washed with water (20 mL) andsaturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to give yellow oil25-a (150 mg, yield 45%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=377 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 25

At room temperature, 20% NaOH aq. solution (2 mL) was added to asolution of compound 25-a (120 mg, 0.32 mmol) in methanol (2 mL). Thereaction solution was stirred for 2 hrs, concentrated under reducedpressure to remove methanol, 6M HCl aq. solution was added to adjustpH=7, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed withwater (10 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 25 (65 mg, yield56%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=363 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.30-7.46 (m, 4H), 6.67 (d,J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz,2H), 2.38 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 262-({1-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl}thio)-2-methylpropionic Acid (Compound 26)

Synthesis of Compound 26-b

At room temperature, potassium carbonate (490 mg, 3.55 mmol) was addedto a solution of 6-bromo-3-methyl-1H-indazole (500 mg, 2.37 mmol) and2,6-dichlorobenzyl bromide (680 mg, 2.84 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). Themixture was stirred for 12 hrs, followed by adding water (10 mL), beingextracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed inturn with water (10 mL) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) togive yellow oil 26-b (400 mg, yield 45%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=369 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 26-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (25.5mg, 0.02 mmol), 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(31 mg, 0.05 mmol) and CuI (5.1 mg, 0.02 mmol) were added to a solutionof compound 26-b (100 mg, 0.27 mmol), ethyl2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (0.04 mL, 0.27 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (0.14 mL, 0.81 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL). Themixture was reacted in a microwave at 125° C. for 1 h, cooled to roomtemperature, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove dioxane. Theresidue was purified by silica preparative plate chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 26-a (80 mg, yield 67%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=437 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 26

At room temperature, NaOH (72 mg, 1.8 mmol) was added to a mixedsolution of compound 26-a (80 mg, 0.18 mmol) in methanol (2 mL), THF (2mL) and water (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, adjusted topH=7 by 2M HCl aq. solution, extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organicphases were washed in turn with water (10 mL) and saturated brine (10mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentratedunder reduced pressure to give compound 26 (20 mg, yield 27%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=409 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34(m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.64 (s, 1H), 2.37 (s,3H), 1.35 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 272-{[5-(4-Cyanophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]thio}-2-methyl propionicAcid (Compound 27)

Synthesis of Compound 27-d

Under N₂ atmosphere, 2-amino-6-bromopyridine (500 mg, 2.89 mmol),4-cyanophenylboronic acid (510 mg, 3.47 mmol) and sodium carbonate (920mg, 8.67 mmol) were suspended in DMF (10 mL) and water (5 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (240 mg, 0.29mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, followed by adding water (15 mL), being extracted withEA (30 mL×3). The organic phase was washed in turn with water (20 mL)and saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to give compound27-d (400 mg, yield 71%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=196 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 27-c

At 0° C., N-bromosuccinimide (360 mg, 2.05 mmol) was added to a solutionof compound 27-d (400 mg, 2.05 mmol) and ammonium acetate (160 mg, 2.05mmol) in CH₃CN (10 mL). The reaction solution was warmed to roomtemperature and stirred for 12 hrs, and concentrated under reducedpressure to remove solvent. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to give compound 27-c (500 mg, yield 89%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=274 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 27-b

A solution of sodium acetate (42 mg, 0.78 mmol) and2-bromo-1,1-diethoxyethane (0.28 mL, 1.8 mmol) in conc. HCl aqueoussolution (0.1 mL) and water (0.6 mL) was heated to 110° C. and refluxedfor 10 mins. The reaction solution was cooled to 60° C. , the solutionwas added to a solution of compound 27-b (250 mg, 0.91 mmol) and sodiumacetate (83 mg, 1.55 mmol) in 60% ethanol aqueous solution (10 mL). Themixture was heated to 100° C. and refluxed for 2.5 hrs, cooled to roomtemperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue wasadded to ice water (5 mL), adjusted to pH=7 with saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution, extracted with EA (30 mL×3). The organic phase waswashed in turn with water (20 mL) and saturated brine (20 mL), driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified with silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 27-b (150 mg, yield 55%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=298 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 27-a

Na₂S.9H₂O (182 mg, 0.75 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 27-b(180 mg, 0.5 mmol) in N-methyl pyrrolidone (2 mL). The reaction solutionwas reacted in a microwave at 150° C. for 1 h, cooled to roomtemperature, followed by adding ethyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropionate (100mg, 0.67 mmol) and potassium carbonate (90 mg, 0.67 mmol). The mixturewas stirred at 50° C. for 2 hrs, cooled to room temperature, followed byadding water (5 mL), being extracted with EA (10 mL). The organic phasewas washed in turn with water (10 mL) and saturated brine (10 mL), driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 27-a (10 mg, yield 8%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=366 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 27

At room temperature, LiOH (13.1 mg, 0.55 mmol) was added to a solutionof compound 27-a (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) in methanol (2 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (4 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, adjusted to pH=7 with2M HCl aq. solution, extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organic phase wasin turn washed with water (10 mL) and saturated brine (10 mL), driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated underreduced pressure to give compound 27 (5 mg, yield 54%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=338 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.70 (m, 5H),7.26 (s, 1H), 1.38 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 282-{[3-(4-Cyanophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]thio}-2-methylpropionic Acid (Compound 28)

Synthesis of Compound 28-c

At room temperature, a mixture of 2-hydrazino-5-bromopyridine (1.0 g,5.3 mmol), 4-cyanobenzoyl chloride (0.97 g, 5.85 mmol), triethyl amine(0.64 g, 0.88 mmol) and DCM (15 mL) was stirred for 12 hrs, andfiltered. The solid was washed with DCM (5 mL), dried under vacuum togive yellow solid 28-c (1.13 g, yield 67%). The product was useddirectly for the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI):m/z=319 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 28-b

Compound 28-c (1.03 g, 3.25 mmol) was added to POCl₃ (10 mL). Themixture was stirred at 100° C. for 12 hrs, cooled to room temperature,and concentrated under reduced pressure. Saturated NaHCO₃ aq. solutionwas added to the residue to adjust pH=7, the mixture was extracted withEA (50 mL×2). The organic phase was in turn washed with water (30 mL)and saturated NaHCO₃ aq. solution (30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to givecompound 28-b (0.85 g, yield 80%). The product was used directly for thenext step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=301 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 28-a

Under N2 atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (54mg, 0.05 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(68 mg, 0.11 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 28-b (350 mg,1.17 mmol), ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (208 mg, 1.4 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (302 mg, 2.34 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL). Themixture was reacted in a microwave at 110° C. for 1 h, cooled to roomtemperature, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove dioxane. Theresidue was purified by silica preparative plate chromatography(PE:EA=3:1-1:1) to give compound 28-a (268 mg, yield 55%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=367 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 28

At room temperature, LiOH (51 mg, 1.22 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 28-a (223 mg, 0.61 mmol) in methanol (2 mL), THF (6 mL) andwater (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 3 hrs, concentrated underreduced pressure, followed by adding water (10 mL), being extracted withEA (30 mL×2), the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH=5-6 with 2M HCl aq.solution and extracted with EA (30 mL×2). The organic phases werecombined, washed in turn with water (10 mL) and saturated brine (10 mL),dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized in EA (15 mL) and PE(10 mL) to give yellow solid 28 (108 mg, yield 52%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=339 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.92 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.12 (m, 4H),7.92 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 1.44 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 29 7-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thienol3,2-clpyridin-2-formicAcid (Compound 29)

Synthesis of Compound 29-c

Under N₂ atmosphere, at −78° C., a solution of 2.5M n-butyl lithium inn-hexane (24 mL, 60 mmol) was slowly added to a solution ofdiisopropylamine (6.1 g, 60 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL). The mixturewas stirred for 15 mins, followed by adding a solution of3-bromo-4-chloropyridine (9.6 g, 50 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL),further stirred for 1 h, followed by adding anhydrous DMF (10 mL) andstirred for 30 mins. The mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature,followed by adding saturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (300 mL), the mixturewas extracted with EA (300 mL×3). The organic phases were combined,washed in turn with water (100 mL) and saturated brine (100 mL), driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica preparative platechromatography (PE:EA=2:1-1:1) to give light yellow solid 29-c (5.9 g,yield 54%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 10.44 (s, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H)ppm.

Synthesis of Compound 29-b

Ethyl mercaptoacetate (2.4 g, 20 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.0 g,24 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 29-c (4.4 g, 20 mmol) inDMF (40 mL). The mixture was heated to 45° C. and stirred for 12 hrs,cooled to room temperature, followed by adding ice water (200 mL), solidwas precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed with water (100mL×3) and dried under vacuum to give white solid 29-b (5.1 g, yield89.5%). The product was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=286 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 29-a

Under N2 atmosphere, compound 29-b (285 mg, 1 mmol), compound 3-c (279mg, 1 mmol) and sodium carbonate (212 mg, 2 mmol) were suspended indioxane (6 mL) and water (2 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (73 mg, 0.1mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, cooled toroom temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica preparative plate (PE:EA=2:1) to give compound29-a (190 mg, yield 53%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=359 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 29

At room temperature, LiOH (41 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 29-a (190 mg, 0.53 mmol) in methanol (3 mL), THF (3 mL) andwater (3 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, adjusted to pH=5-6 with2M HCl aq. solution, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solidwas washed with water (10 mL), dried under vacuum to give light yellowsolid 29 (130 mg, yield 74%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=331 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H),8.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (m, 2H), 7.66 (s,2H) ppm.

Embodiment 303-[7-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl]propionic Acid(Compound 30)

Synthesis of Compound 30-d

At −78° C., a solution of 1.0M diisobutylaluminum hydride in DCM (58 mL,58 mmol) was slowly added to a solution of compound 29-b (5.7 g, 20mmol) in DCM (50 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, warmed to roomtemperature, followed by adding saturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (300 mL).The organic phase was seperated, the aqueous phase was extracted withDCM (50 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn withwater (50 mL) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give lightyellow solid 30-d (4 g, yield 83%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=242 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 30-c

At 0° C., triethyl phosphonoacetate (2.82 mL, 10 mmol) and sodiumhydride (0.48 g, 12 mmol) were respectively added to a solution ofcompound 30-d (2.42 g, 10 mmol) in THF (50 mL). The mixture was furtherstirred for 1 h, warmed to room temperature, followed by addingsaturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (300 mL), the mixture was extracted with EA(50 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn with water(30 mL×3) and saturated brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give lightyellow solid 30-c (2 g, yield 64%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=312 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 30-b

At 0° C., NaBH₄ (0.25 g, 6.4 mmol) was slowly added to a solution ofcompound 30-c (2.0 g, 6.4 mmol) and NiCl (0.82 g, 6.4 mmol) in methanol(50 mL). The mixture was stirred for 3 hrs, warmed to room temperature,followed by adding NH₄Cl aq. solution (300 mL), the mixture wasextracted with EA (100 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washedin turn with water (50 mL×3) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=4:1) to give light yellow solid 30-b (1.6 g, yield 80%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=314 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 30-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 30-b (155 mg, 0.5 mmol), compound 3-c (140mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium carbonate (106 mg, 1 mmol) were suspended indioxane (4 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (40 mg, 0.05mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, cooled toroom temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (30mL). The filtrate was washed in turn with water (10 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 30-b (120 mg, yield62%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=387 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 30

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 30-a (120 mg, 0.31 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, adjusted to pH=5-6 by 2MHCl aq. solution, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid waswashed with water (10 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 30 (93mg, yield 84%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=359 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.15 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m,2H), 3.10 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Embodiment 312-[7-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl]acetic Acid(Compound 31)

Synthesis of Compound 31-b

NaOH (40 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofmethyl(methylthiomethyl)sulfoxide (18 mg, 1.5 mmol) and compound 30-d(240 mg, 1 mmol) in THF (6 mL). The mixture was heated to 80° C. andstirred for 4 hrs, cooled to room temperature, concentrated underreduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was added to asolution of 2M HCl in methanol (10 mL), refluxed for 1 h, concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was added to saturated NaHCO₃ aq.solution (10 mL), extracted with EA (10 mL×3). The organic phases werecombined, washed in turn with water (10 mL×3) and saturated brine (10mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to give compound 31-b (0.15 g, yield 88%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=285 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 31-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 31-b (87 mg, 0.3 mmol), compound 3-c (84mg, 0.3 mmol) and sodium carbonate (60 mg, 0.6 mmol) were suspended indioxane (4 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (25 mg, 0.03mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, cooled toroom temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (30mL). The filtrate was washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 31-a (76 mg, yield71%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=359 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 31

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 31-a (120 mg, 0.31 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2M HClaq. solution to adjust pH=5-6, solid was precipitated and filtered out.The solid was washed with water (10 mL), dried under vacuum to givewhite solid 31 (44 mg, yield 64%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=345 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (m, 2H), 7.72 (m, 3H), 4.04 (s,2H) ppm.

Embodiment 32 2-[7 -(4-Cyanophenyl)thieno[3 ,2-c]pyridin-2-yl]aceticAcid (Compound 32)

Synthesis of Compound 32-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 31-b (140 mg, 0.5 mmol), 4-cyanophenylboronic acid (75 mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium carbonate (60 mg, 0.6 mmol)were suspended in dioxane (4 mL) and water (10 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (25 mg, 0.03mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, cooled toroom temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (30mL). The filtrate was in turn washed with water (20 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 32-b (86 mg, yield56%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=309 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 32

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 32-a (86 mg, 0.28 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2M HClaq. solution (2 mL), solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solidwas washed with water (10 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 32(28 mg, yield 34%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=295 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.87 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 1H),8.06 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 4.06 (s,2H) ppm.

Embodiment 333-[7-(4-Cyanophenyl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropionicAcid (Compound 33)

Synthesis of Compound 33-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, at −78° C., a solution of 2.5M n-butyl lithium inn-hexane (2.0 mL, 5 mmol) was slowly added to a solution ofdiisopropylamine (505 mg, 5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixturewas stirred for 15 mins, added dropwise to a solution of compound 30-b(630 mg, 2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL), stirred for 2 hrs, followedby adding CH₃I (720 mg, 5 mmol) and the mixture was further stirred for3 hrs. The mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature, then added tosaturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (30 mL), extracted with EA (30 mL×3). Theorganic phases were combined, washed in turn with water (10 mL) andsaturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica preparative plate chromatography (PE:EA=2:1-1:1) to give lightyellow liquid 33-b (310 mg, yield 45%).

Synthesis of Compound 33-a

Under Na atmosphere, compound 33-b (310 mg, 0.91 mmol), 4-cyanophenylboronic acid (140 mg, 0.91 mmol) and sodium carbonate (212 mg, 2 mmol)were suspended in dioxane (4 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (40 mg, 0.05mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, and thencooled to room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure toremove the solvent. The residue was filtered through celite, thefiltrate cake was washed with EA (30 mL). The filtrate was in turnwashed with water (20 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=1:1) to give yellow liquid 33-a (76 mg, yield 23%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=365 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 33

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 33-a (73 mg, 0.19 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2M HClaq. solution (2 mL) and water (1 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give white solid 33 (39 mg, yield 61%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=337 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 4H),7.71 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 2H), 1.26 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 343-[7-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropionicAcid (Compound 34)

Synthesis of Compound 34-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 33-b (230 mg, 0.7 mmol), compound 3-c (280mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium carbonate (150 mg, 1.4 mmol) were suspended indioxane (4 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (40 mg, 0.05mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, cooled toroom temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (30mL). The filtrate was in turn washed with water (20 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was prepared by HPLC(mobile phase: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ aq. solution: acetonitrile=35%-45%) to givecompound 34-a (53 mg, yield 18%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=401 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 34

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 34-a (41 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) and water(1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2M HCl aq.solution (2 mL) and water (1 mL), solid was precipitated and filteredout. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to givewhite solid 34 (16 mg, yield 41%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=387 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.41 (s, 1H), 9.19 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H),8.32 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (m, 2H), 7.65 (m,2H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 3.14 (s, 2H), 1.12 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 353-{7-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-yl}propionic Acid(Compound 35)

Synthesis of Compound 35-b

At 0° C., triethyl amine (3.6 mL) was slowly added to a mixture ofn-butanol (10 mL) and formic acid (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10mins, followed by adding 7-bromo-1-benzothiophene-2-carbaldehyde (241mg, 1 mmol) and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (216 mg, 1.5 mmol).The mixture was heated to reflux for 8 hrs, cooled to room temperatureand concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (PE:EA=15:1) to give compound 35-b (200 mg,yield 59%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=341 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 35-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (54mg, 0.05 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(94 mg, 0.02 mmol) and a solution of 0.4M 2,6-dichlorobenzyl zincbromide in THF solution (2.5 mL, 1 mmol) were added to a solution ofcompound 35-b (170 mg, 0.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixturewas reacted at 60° C. for 16 hrs, cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 35-a (170 mg, yield80%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=421 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 35

At room temperature, 1.0M NaOH aq. solution (3 mL) was added to asolution of compound 35-a (84 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) and THF(8 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was adjusted to pH=3 with 1M HCl aq.solution, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washedwith water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 35 (60 mg,yield 82%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=365 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.35 (s, br. 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.21 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 3.16 (t, J=7.2 Hz,2H), 2.71 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Embodiment 363-{4-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-yl}propionic Acid(Compound 36)

Synthesis of Compound 36-b

At 0° C., triethyl amine (3.6 mL) was slowly added to a mixture ofn-butanol (10 mL) and formic acid (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10mins, followed by adding 4-bromo-1-benzothiophene-2-carbaldehyde (241mg, 1 mmol) and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (216 mg, 1.5 mmol).The mixture was heated to reflux for 8 hrs, cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=15:1) to give compound 36-b (221 mg, yield65%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=341 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 36-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (47mg, 0.05 mmol) and2-dicyclohexylphospho-2′,6′-diisopropoxy-1,1′-biphenyl (94 mg, 0.02mmol) and a solution of 0.4M 2,6-dichlorobenzyl zinc bromide in THFsolution (2.5 mL, 1 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 36-b (170mg, 0.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixture was reacted at 60°C. for 16 hrs, cooled to room temperature, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 36-a (180 mg, yield 86%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=421 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 36

At room temperature, a solution of 1.0M NaOH aq. solution (3 mL) wasadded to a solution of compound 36-a (84 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (4mL) and THF (8 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was adjusted to pH=3 with 1M HCl aq.solution, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washedwith water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 36 (70 mg,yield 95%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=365 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.30 (s, br. 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.57 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.41 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.18 (t, J=7.2 Hz,2H), 2.72 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Embodiment 373-[4-[(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-yl]propionic Acid(Compound 37)

Synthesis of Compound 37-e

Ethyl mercaptoacetate (1.81 g, 15.1 mmol) and cesium carbonate (6.0 g,18.6 mmol) were added to a solution of3,5-dibromo-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (4.0 g, 15.1 mmol) in THF (100 mL).The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 hrs, cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=15:1) to give compound 37-e (3.7 g, yield85%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=286 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 37-d

At 0° C., NaBH₄ (530 mg, 13.9 mmol) was added into a solution ofcompound 37-e (1.0 g, 3.48 mmol), LiCl (590 mg, 13.9 mmol) in THF (40mL) and methanol (20 mL). The mixture was warmed to room temperature andstirred for 4 hrs, concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (40 mL)and DCM (40 mL) were added to the residue, the organic phase wasseperated, aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (20 mL×3). The organicphases were combined, washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) and saturatedbrine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 37-d (750 mg, yield89%). The product was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=244 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 37-c

At 0° C., (1,1,1-triacetoxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benzoiodooxol-3(1H)-one(1.39 g, 3.27 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 37-d (750 mg,2.18 mmol) in DCM (30 mL). The reaction solution was warmed to roomtemperature and further stirred for 2 hrs, followed by adding saturatedsodium bicarbonate aq. solution (10 mL) and saturated sodium thiosulfateaq. solution (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 mins, organic phasewas seperated. The organic phase was in turn washed with water (20 mL×3)and saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby silica column chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 37-c (680mg, yield 91%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=342 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 37-b

At 0° C. , triethyl amine (3.6 mL) was slowly added to a mixture ofn-butanol (10 mL) and formic acid (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10mins, followed by adding compound 37-c (300 mg, 1.24 mmol) and2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (300 mg, 2.08 mmol), refluxing for 8hrs. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=12:1) to give compound 37-b (280 mg, yield 66%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=342 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 37-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 37-b (120 mg, 0.35 mmol), compound 3-c(110 mg, 0.39 mmol) and sodium carbonate (150 mg, 1.4 mmol) weresuspended in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (10 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (40 mg, 0.05mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=8:1) to givecompound 37-a (90 mg, yield 62%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=415 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 37

At room temperature, a solution of 1.0M LiOH aq. solution (2 mL) wasadded to a solution of compound 37-a (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in methanol (10mL) and THF (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water (10 mL),adjusted to pH=3 with 1M citric acid aq. solution, solid wasprecipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL),dried under vacuum to give white solid 37 (50 mg, yield 55%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=359 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.30 (s, br. 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s,1H), 8.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (t, J=8.8 Hz,1H), 7.73 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.8 Hz,1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 3.10 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Embodiment 383-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropionic Acid (Compound 38)

Synthesis of Compound 38-c

At −78° C., a solution of 1M lithium diisopropylamide in THF (3 mL, 3mmol) was added slowly to a solution of methyl isobutyrate (714 mg, 7.1mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followedby adding 4-bromo-1-benzothiophene-2-carbaldehyde (500 mg, 2.38 mmol).The mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature, followed by addingNH₄Cl aq. solution (20 mL), being extracted with EA (30 mL×3). Theorganic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound38-c (700 mg, yield 86%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=365 [M+Na]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 38-b

At 0° C., trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) was added to a solution ofcompound 38-c (170 mg, 0.5 mmol) and triethylsilane (392 mg, 4 mmol) inDCM (10 mL). The mixture was warmed to room temperature and furtherstirred for 16 hrs, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. DCM(30 mL) was added to the residue. The mixture was in turn washed withsaturated sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL) and saturated brine (10mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 38-b (150 mg, yield 92%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=349 [M+Na]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 38-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 38-b (150 mg, 0.46 mmol), compound 3-c(150 mg, 0.54 mmol) and sodium carbonate (300 mg, 2.8 mmol) weresuspended in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (12 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (50 mg, 0.06mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by column chromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to give compound 38-a (105mg, yield 57%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=400 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 38

At room temperature, 1.0M LiOH aq. solution (2.5 mL) was added to asolution of compound 38-a (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) andTHF (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, concentrated underreduced pressure. Water (10 mL) was added to the residue. The mixturewas adjusted to pH=3 with 1M citric acid aq. solution, solid wasprecipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL),dried under vacuum to give white solid 37 (80 mg, yield 83%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=408 [M+Na]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.37 (s, br. 1H), 8.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),8.24 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.67 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58 -7.62 (m, 2H), 7.49 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.36(d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (s, 2H), 1.06 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 393-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]-2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxylpropionic Acid (Compound 39)

Synthesis of Compound 39-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, Zn powder (130 mg, 2 mmol) was added to a solutionof 4-bromo-1-benzothiophene-2-carbaldehyde (500 mg, 2.38 mmol) and ethyldifluorobromoacetate (808 mg, 4 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). Themixture was heated to 45° C. and further stirred for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, followed by adding saturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (20mL), being extracted with EA (30 mL×3). The organic phases werecombined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 39-a (253 mg, yield71%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=388 [M+Na]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 39

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 39-a (190 mg, 0.5 mmol), compound 3-c (140mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium carbonate (106 mg, 1 mmol) were suspended inethylene glycol dimethyl ether (20 mL) and water (2 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (50 mg, 0.06mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (20 mL) wasadded to the residue, the mixture was extracted with EA (30 mL×3). Theaqueous phase was adjusted to pH=3 with 1M HCl aqueous solution, solidwas precipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed with water (5mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 39 (120 mg, yield 58%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=432 [M+Na]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.30 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 8.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.68 (m, 1H),7.60-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.55 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.39-7.42 (m, 1H), 6.82 (d,J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 5.23-5.30 (m, 1H) ppm.

Embodiment 403-{4-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropionic Acid (Compound 40)

Synthesis of Compound 40-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (47mg, 0.05 mmol) and2-dicyclohexylphospho-2′,6′-diisopropoxy-1,1′-biphenyl (94 mg, 0.02mmol) and a solution of 0.4M 2,6-dichlorobenzyl zinc bromide in THFsolution (2.5 mL, 1 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 38-b (130mg, 0.4 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixture was reacted at 60°C. for 16 hrs, cooled to room temperature, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=8:1) to give compound 40-a (150 mg, yield 72%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=407 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 40

At room temperature, 1.0M NaOH aq. solution (1 mL) was added to asolution of compound 40-a (84 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and THF(5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, concentrated under reducedpressure. Water (10 mL) was added to the residue, 1M HCl aq. solutionwas added to adjust pH=3, solid was precipitated and filtered out. Thesolid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to give whitesolid 40 (40 mg, yield 50%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=393 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.49 (s, br. 1H), 7.73(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.41 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (d,J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 1.20 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 413-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-hydroxylbutyric Acid (Compound 41)

Synthesis of Compound 41-e

At room temperature, 7.0M NaOH aq. solution (2 mL) was added to asolution of compound 37-e (1.0 g, 3.5 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) and THF(10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs, concentrated under reducedpressure. Water (30 mL) was added to the residue, 1M citric acid aq.solution was added to adjust pH=3, solid was precipitated and filteredout. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to givecompound 41-e (740 mg, yield 82%).

Synthesis of Compound 41-d

At room temperature, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (546 mg,5.6 mmol), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylc arbodiimide hydrochloride(1.08 g, 5.6 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (378 mg, 2.8 mmol) andtriethyl amine (1.13 g, 11.2 mmol) were added to a solution of compound41-e (720 mg, 2.8 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) and DCM (30 mL). The mixture wasstirred for 24 hrs, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound41-d (740 mg, yield 82%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=301 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 41-c

At −78° C., 3M methyl magnesium bromide in ether (1 mL, 3 mmol) wasadded to a solution of compound 41-d (604 mg, 2 mmol) in anhydrous THF(20 mL). The mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and furtherstirred for 20 mins, followed by adding saturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (5mL), water (20 mL) and EA (30 mL) in turn. The organic phase wasseperated, the aqueous phase was extracted with EA (20 mL×2). Theorganic phases were combined, concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=8:1) to givecompound 41-c (740 mg, yield 82%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=256 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 41-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, Zn powder (65 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solutionof compound 41-c (257 mg, 1 mmol) and ethyl bromoacetate (217 mg, 1.3mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixture was heated to 50° C. andfurther stirred for 16 hrs, cooled to room temperature, followed byadding saturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (5 mL) and water (20 mL) in turn.The mixture was extracted with EA (30 mL×3). The organic phases werecombined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to give compound 41-b (281 mg, yield82%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=344 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 41-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 41-b (137 mg, 1 mmol), compound 3-c (140mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium carbonate (106 mg, 1 mmol) were suspended inethylene glycol dimethyl ether (15 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (50 mg, 0.06mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound41-a (160 mg, yield 96%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=417 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 41

At room temperature, 1.0M LiOH aq. solution (5 mL) was added to asolution of compound 41-a (42 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and THF(5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, concentrated under reducedpressure. Water (10 mL) was added to the residue, 1M citric acid aq.solution was added to adjust pH=3, solid was precipitated and filteredout. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to givewhite solid 41 (30 mg, yield 77%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=389 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.08 (s, br. 1H), 9.31 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s,1H), 8.32 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (t, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.73 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),6.79 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.76 (m, 2H), 1.56 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 42 3-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]butyric Acid (Compound 42)

Synthesis of Compound 42-b

At 20° C., thionyl chloride (2 mL) was added to a solution of compound41-a (160 mg, 0.4 mmol) in DCM (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16hrs, concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 42-b. Theproduct was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Synthesis of Compound 42-a

At 0° C., NaBH₄ (114 mg, 3 mmol) was added to a solution of compound42-b, 10% Pd—C (30 mg) and ethanol (10 mL) in portions. The mixture waswarmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 hrs, filtered throughcelite. Water (10 mL) was added to the filtrate, the mixture wasextracted with DCM (10 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=10:1) to give compound 42-a (62 mg, yield 42%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=401 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 42

At room temperature, 1M LiOH aq. solution (5 mL) was added to a solutionof compound 42-a (40 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and THF (5 mL).The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, and concentrated under reducedpressure. Water (10 mL) was added to the residue, 1M citric acid aq.solution was added to adjust pH=3, solid was precipitated and filteredout. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to givewhite solid 42 (20 mg, yield 53%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.8Hz, 1H), 8.01 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.8 Hz,1H), 7.47-7.55 (m, 2H), 6.67 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.59-3.64 (m, 1H),2.58-2.74 (m, 2H), 1.24 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 43

Compound 43A

Compound 43B

Synthesis of Compound 43A

Compound 42-a (170 mg) underwent enantiomeric chromatographic column(process II, mobile phase: n-Hexane (0.1% DEA): EtOH (0.1% DEA)=80:20),compound 43A-a (59 mg) (T_(r)=18.0 min) was eluted firstly and compound43B-a (46 mg) (T_(r)=20.0 min) was eluted later, the absoluteconfiguration of 43A-a and 43B-a remains unknown. At room temperature,1M LiOH aq. solution (2.5 mL) was added to a solution of 43A-a (59 mg,0.14 mmol) in methanol (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 4 hrs,concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. Water (10 mL)was added to the residue, 1M citric acid aq. solution was added toadjust pH=6, solid was precipitated and filtered out. The solid waswashed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to give white solid 43A (38mg, yield 69%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.20 (s, 1H), 9.31 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H),8.45 (s, 1H), 8.30 (dd, J=20.3 Hz, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H),7.81-7.52 (m, 3H), 6.67 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (dd, J=13.4 Hz, 6.4 Hz,1H), 2.57 (dd, J=9.7 Hz, 6.30 Hz, 1H), 1.28 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Synthesis of Compound 43B

At room temperature, 1M LiOH aq. solution (2.5 mL) was added to asolution of 43B-a (46 mg, 0.11 mmol) in methanol (5 mL). The mixture wasstirred for 4 hrs, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove thesolvent. Water (10 mL) was added to the residue, 1M citric acid aq.solution was added to adjust pH=6, solid was precipitated and filteredout. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to givewhite solid 43B (25 mg, yield 58%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.19 (s, 1H), 8.47-8.28 (m, 2H), 8.18 (d,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.93-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=3.7Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (dd, J=13.6 Hz, 6.9 Hz, 1H),2.73-2.56 (m, 2H), 1.40 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 44

Compound 44A

Compound 44B

Synthesis of Compound 44-f

At room temperature, LiOH (1.68 g, 40 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 29-b (5.7 g, 20 mmol) in methanol (10 mL), THF (40 mL) andwater (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 2MHCl (20 mL) and water (20 mL), solid was precipitated and filtered out.The solid was washed with water (50 mL), dried under vacuum to givecompound 44-f (4.5 g, yield 100%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=258 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 44-e

At room temperature, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.6 g, 3mmol), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (5.6g, 3 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (4.04 g, 3 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (3.9 g, 3 mmol) were added to a solution ofcompound 44-f (4.9 g, 3 mmol) in DCM (100 mL). The mixture was stirredfor 8 hrs, followed by adding 2M HCl (50 mL) and water (20 mL), beingextracted with DCM (80 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give compound 44-e (6 g, yield 100%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=301 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 44-d

At −78° C., a solution of 1.5M methyl magnesium bromide in ether (20 mL,30 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of compound 44-e (6.0 g, 20mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL). The mixture was slowly warmed to roomtemperature and further stirred for 20 mins, saturated NH₄Cl aq.solution (30 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted with EA (30 mL×3).The organic phases were combined, concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1-1:1)to give compound 44-d (4.8 g, yield 94%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=256 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 44-c

At 0° C., triethyl phosphonoacetate (5.6 mL, 20 mmol) and sodium hydride(1.6 g, 20 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 44-d (4.8 g, 18.9mmol) in THF (100 mL) respectively. The mixture was stirred for 1 h,warmed to room temperature, followed by adding NH₄Cl aq. solution (100mL), being extracted with EA (100 mL×3). The organic phases werecombined, washed in turn with water (100 mL×3) and saturated brine (100mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give light yellow solid 44-c (5.2 g, yield89%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=326 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 44-b

At 0° C., NaBH₄ (0.38 g, 10 mmol) was added into a solution of compound44-c (5.2 g, 16 mmol) and NiCl₂ (1.3 g, 10 mmol) in methanol (50 mL).The mixture was stirred for 3 hrs, warmed to room temperature, followedby adding saturated NH₄Cl aqueous solution (100 mL), being extractedwith EA (10 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn withwater (50 mL×3) and saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydride sodiumsulfate, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified with silica column chromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to give lightyellow solid 44-b (2.24 g, yield 43%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=328 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 44A-a and 44B-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 44-b (327 mg, 1 mmol), 4-cyanophenylboronic acid (150 mg, 1 mmol) and sodium carbonate (212 mg, 2 mmol) weresuspended in dioxane (8 mL) and water (2 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (60 mg, 0.1mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, and thencooled to room temperature, filtered through celite, the filtrate cakewas washed with EA (50 mL). The filtrate was in turn washed with water(20 mL×3) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give racemiccompound, followed by separating by enantiomeric chromatographic column(process I, mobile phase: Hexane:EtOH:DEA=70:30:0.1), compound 44A-a (80mg, yield 22.8%; LC-MS (ESI): m/z=351 [M+H]⁺) (T_(r)=6.0 min) wasdiluted firstly and compound 44B-a (90 mg, yield 25.6%; LC-MS (ESI):m/z=351 [M+H]⁺) (T_(r)=7.0 min) was diluted later. Absoluteconfiguration of 44A-a and 44B-a remains unknown.

Synthesis of Compound 44A

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 44A-a (70 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 1M HClaq. solution (1 mL) and water (2 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give compound 44A (53 mg, yield 82%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=323 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.30 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H),8.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 3.58 (m,1H), 2.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Synthesis of Compound 44B

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 44B-a (70 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 1M HClaq. solution (1 mL) and water (2 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give compound 44B (39 mg, yield 60.6%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=323 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.30 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H),8.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 3.58 (m,1H), 2.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 45

Compound 45A

Compound 45B

Synthesis of Compound 45A-a and 45B-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 44-b (800 mg, 2.5 mmol), compound 3-c (750mg, 2.5 mmol) and sodium carbonate (510 mg, 5 mmol) were suspended indioxane (8 mL) and water (2 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (140 mg, 0.25mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 3 hrs at 80° C., cooled toroom temperature, filtered through celite, the filtrate cake was washedwith EA (50 mL). The filtrate was washed in turn with water (20 mL×3)and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give racemiccompound, followed by separating by enantiomeric chromatographic column(process II, mobile phase: CO₂:Methanol (0.1% NH₄OH)=65:35), compound45A-a was diluted firstly (260 mg, yield 26%; LC-MS (ESI): m/z=401[M+H]⁺) (T_(r)=8.5 min), and compound 45B-a (230 mg, yield 23%; LC-MS(ESI): m/z=401 [M+H]⁺) (T_(r)=10.5 min) was diluted later. Absoluteconfiguration of 45A-a and 45B-a remains unknown.

Synthesis of Compound 45A

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, lmmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 45A-a (80 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 1M HClaq. solution (1 mL) and water (2 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give compound 45A (61 mg, yield 82%). [α]²⁵ _(D)=+26.248 (c=1.1018MeOH), LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.27 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H),8.33 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 5.6Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=6.8 Hz, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 1.31 (dd,J=7.6 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Synthesis of Compound 45B

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 45B-a (80 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (2 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 1M HClaq. solution (1 mL) and water (2 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give compound 45B (56 mg, yield 75%). [α]²⁵ _(D)=−25.594 (c=1.002MeOH), LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.27 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H),8.33 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 5.6Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=6.8 Hz, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 1.31 (dd,J=7.6 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 46

Compound 46A

Compound 46B

Synthesis of Compound 46-b

Under N2 atmosphere, at −78° C., 2.5M n-butyl lithium in n-hexane (2.0mL, 5 mmol) was slowly added to a solution of diisopropylamine (505 mg,5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for15 mins, followed by adding a solution of compound 30-b (630 mg, 2 mmol)in anhydrous THF (10 mL) dropwise, the mixture was stirred for 2 hrs,followed by adding CH₃I (720 mg, 5 mmol) and the mixture was furtherstirred for 3 hrs. The mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature,followed by adding saturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (30 mL), being extractedwith EA (30 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed in turn withwater (10 mL) and saturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica preparative plate chromatography (PE:EA=2:1-1:1)to give compound 46-b (170 mg, yield 26%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=328 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 46A-a and 46B-a

Under N2 atmosphere, compound 46-b (170 mg, 0.52 mmol), compound 3-c(145 mg, 0.52 mmol) and sodium carbonate (120 mg, 1.13 mmol) weresuspended in dioxane (4 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (43 mg, 0.05mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue wasfiltered through celite, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (30 mL).The filtrate was washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) and saturated brine(10 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give racemic compound, followed byseparating by enantiomeric chromatographic column (process I, mobilephase: Hexane:EtOH:DEA=80:20:0.1), compound 46A-a was eluted firstly (66mg, yield 31%; LC-MS (ESI): m/z=401 [M+H]⁺) (T_(r)=14.0 min) andcompound 46B-a was eluted later (61 mg, yield 29%; LC-MS (ESI): m/z=401[M+H]⁺) (T_(r)=18.0 min). Absolute configuration of 46A-a and 46B-aremains unknown.

Synthesis of Compound 46A

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 46A-a (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 1M HClaq. solution (1 mL) and water (10 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give compound 46A (26 mg, yield 46%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.31 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H),8.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (m, 2H), 7.66 (m,2H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 3.16 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.68 (m, 1H), 1.23 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Synthesis of Compound 46B

At room temperature, LiOH (42 mg, 1 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 46B-a (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (4 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 1M HClaq. solution (1 mL) and water (10 mL), solid was precipitated andfiltered out. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuumto give compound 46B (26 mg, yield 46%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.31 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H),8.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (m, 2H), 7.66 (m,2H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 3.16 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.68 (m, 1H), 1.23 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Embodiment 473-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropionic Acid (Compound 47)

Synthesis of Compound 47-d

At −78° C., 1M Lithium diisopropylamide in THF (3 mL, 3 mmol) was slowlyadded to a solution of methyl isobutyrate (306 mg, 3 mmol) in anhydrousTHF (4 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding compound37-c (242 mg, 1 mmol), the mixture was further stirred for 1 h. Themixture was slowly warmed to room temperature, followed by addingsaturated NaHCO₃ aq. solution (20 mL), being extracted with EA (20mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to givecompound 47-d (425 mg). The product was used directly for the next stepwithout further purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=344 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 47-c

Thionyl chloride (6 mL) was added to a solution of compound 47-d (425mg) in DCM (10 mL). The mixture was heated to 40° C., stirred for 16 hrsand concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. Water (15mL) was added to the residue, the mixture was extracted with EA (15mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to givecompound 47-c (487 mg). The product was used directly for the next stepwithout further purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=364 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 47-b

At room temperature, NaBH₄ (204 mg, 5.37 mmol) was added to a mixture ofcompound 47-c (487 mg), 10% Pd—C (50 mg) and ethanol (20 mL) inportions, the mixture was stirred for 16 hrs. The mixture was filteredthrough celite, the filtrate cake was washed with ethanol (10 mL×3). Thefiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=5:1) to give compound47-b (135 mg, yield 31%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=328 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 47-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 47-b (135 mg, 0.41 mmol), compound 3-c(121 mg, 0.43 mmol) and sodium sulfate (106 mg, lmmol) were suspended indioxane (8 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (30 mg, 0.04mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to givecompound 47-a (130 mg, yield 79%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=401 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 47

At room temperature, LiOH (55 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 47-a (130 mg, 0.32 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (5 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding 1M HClaq. solution to adjust pH=5-6, being extracted with EA (15 mL×3). Theorganic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue wasprepared by HPLC (mobile phase: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ aq. solution:acetonitrile=35%-45%) to give white solid 47 (13 mg, yield 10.5%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=387 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.1Hz, 1H), 8.10-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J=7.9 Hz, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d,J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 3.13-3.02 (m, 2H), 1.19 (s,3H), 1.18 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 483-[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl propionicAcid (Compound 48)

Synthesis of Compound 48-c

Thionyl chloride (5 mL) was added to a solution of compound 37-d (200mg, 0.82 mmol) in DCM (10 mL). The mixture was heated to 30° C., stirredfor 16 hrs, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound48-c (236 mg). The product was used directly for the next step withoutfurther purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=264 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 48-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, at −78° C., a solution of 2.5M n-butyl lithium inn-hexane (1.37 mL, 3.43 mmol) was slowly added to a solution ofdiisopropylamine (347 mg, 3.43 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). Themixture was warmed to 0° C. and further stirred for 1 h, then cooledagain to −78° C., methyl isobutyrate (350 mg, 3.43 mmol) was added, themixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by adding compound 48-c (180 mg,0.69 mmol) and further stirred for 1 h. The mixture was slowly warmed toroom temperature, stirred for 2 hrs, followed by adding saturated NH₄Claq. solution (20 mL), being extracted with EA (50 mL×2). The organicphases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound 48-b (280 mg, yield97%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=329 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 48-a

Under N2 atmosphere, compound 48-b (280 mg, 0.85 mmol),4-cyanophenylboronic acid (138 mg, 0.94 mmol) and sodium sulfate (180mg, 1.7 mmol) were suspended in dioxane (15 mL) and water (2 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (62 mg, 0.08mmol) was added. The mixture was added at 90° C. for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound48-a (135 mg, yield 45%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=351 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 48

At room temperature, LiOH (65 mg, 1.54 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 48-a (135 mg, 0.38 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (5 mL) andwater (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 6 hrs, 1M HCl aq. solution wasadded to adjust pH=5-6, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was adjusted to pH=7-8 with 2M NaOH aq. solution, and thenextracted with EA (10 mL) to remove the impurities. The aqueous phasewas adjusted to pH=5-6 with 1M HCl aq. solution, extracted with EA (15mL×2). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to giveyellow solid 48 (75 mg, yield 58%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=337 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.52 (s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H),8.03 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 3.21 (s,2H), 1.16 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 49 2-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)isoquinolin-6-yl]-2-methylpropionic Acid (Compound 49)

Synthetic Route

Synthesis of Compound 49-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, trimethylchlorosilane (11 mg, 0.1 mmol) was addeddropwise to a solution of Zn powder (130 mg, 2 mmol) and THF (4 mL). Themixture was stirred for 15 mins at room temperature, heated to 40° C.,followed by adding a solution of methyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (181 mg, 1mmol) in THF (2 mL). The mixture was further stirred at 40° C. for 30mins, added to a mixture of compound 5-b (90 mg, 0.25 mmol), LiCl (11mg, 0.25 mmol), tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (23 mg,0.025 mmol), 2-dicyclohexylpho spho-2′,6′-diisopropoxy-1,1′-biphenyl (12mg, 0.025 mmol) and THF (4 mL). The mixture was heated to 80° C. andfurther stirred for 1 h, and then cooled to room temperature, andconcentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residuewas dissolved in DCM (50 mL), washed in turn with water (20 mL×3) andsaturated brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicapreparative plate chromatography (DCM:methanol=20:1) to give compound49-a (40 mg, yield 42%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=381 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 49

At room temperature, LiOH (22 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 49-a (40 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) and THF (3 mL). Themixture was stirred for 16 hrs, evaporated to remove the solvent,followed by adding water (5 mL), being extracted with EA (10 mL×3). 1MHCl aq. solution was added to the aqueous phase to adjust pH=5-6,extracted with EA (15 mL×3), the organic phases were combined, driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was prepared by HPLC (mobile phase: water (0.05%trifluoroacetic acid): nitrile=25%-40%) to give compound 49 (15 mg,yield 39%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=367 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.67 (m,1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 1.45 (s,6H) ppm.

Embodiment 502-{[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)phthalazin-6-yl]thio}-2-methyl propionicAcid (Compound 50)

Synthetic Route

Synthesis of Compound 50-f

6-Bromo-phthalide (2.30 g, 10.9 mmol) was added to a solution ofN-bromosuccinimide (2.1 g, 11.8 mmol), azobisisobutyronitrile (0.1 g,0.06 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (60 mL). The mixture was heated toreflux for 2 hrs, cooled to room temperature, and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was washed with water (10 mL×3) to givecompound 50-f. The product was used directly for the next step withoutfurther purification.

Synthesis of Compound 50-e

A mixture of compound 50-f and water (40 mL) was heated to reflux for 2hrs, cooled to room temperature, white solid was precipitated andfiltered out. Solid was washed with water (20 mL×3), dried under vacuumto give compound 50-e (1.6 g, yield 64%). The product was used directlyfor the next step without further purification.

Synthesis of Compound 50-d

85% Hydrazine hydrate (2 mL) was added to a solution of compound 50-e(1.60 g, 7 mmol) in isopropyl alcohol (40 mL). The mixture was heated toreflux for 2 hrs, cooled to room temperature, white solid wasprecipitated and filtered out. The solid was washed with water (20mL×3), dried under vacuum to give compound 50-d (1.2 g, yield 76%). Theproduct was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Synthesis of Compound 50-c

A mixture of compound 50-d (600 mg, 2.67 mmol) and POCl₃ (8 mL) washeated to reflux for 1.5 h, cooled to room temperature and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM (40 mL), washedin turn with saturated sodium bicarbonate (40 mL) and saturated brine(10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound 50-c (500 mg, yield 75%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=243 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 50-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, tris(dibenzylidene indene acetone)dipalladium (30mg, 0.03 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyloxacanthracene(38 mg, 0.06 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 50-c (131 mg,0.5 mmol), ethyl 2-methyl-2-mercaptopropionate (73 mg, 0.5 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (193 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL). The mixturewas stirred at 100° C. for 16 hrs, cooled to room temperature,concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound 50-b (120 mg, yield77%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=311 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 50-a

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 50-b (120 mg, 0.38 mmol), compound 3-c(111 mg, 0.4 mmol) and sodium carbonate (170 mg, 2.8 mmol) weresuspended in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (10 mL) and water (1 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene]palladium dichloride (43 mg, 0.05mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 hrs, cooled toroom temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to givecompound 50-a (96 mg, yield 60%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=428 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 50

At room temperature, 1M LiOH aq. solution (3.0 mL) was added to asolution of compound 50-a (86 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) and THF(8 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water (10 mL), adjustedto pH=3 with 1M HCl aq. solution, solid was precipitated and filteredout. The solid was washed with water (5 mL), dried under vacuum to givewhite solid 50 (60 mg, yield 75%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=400 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.77 (s, br. 1H,), 9.87 (s, 1H), 8.39 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.98-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.90 (m,2H), 7.62 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 1.32(s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 51 3-[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)isoquinolin-6-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropionic Acid (Compound 51)

Synthetic Route

Synthesis of Compound 51-d

At 0° C., lithium aluminum hydride (214 mg, 5.64 mmol) was suspended inanhydrous THF (100 mL), a solution of compound 19-f (1.5 g, 5.64 mmol)in THF (10 mL) was slowly added. The mixture was stirred for 10 mins,Na₂SO₄.10H₂O (2.0 g) was added in portions, then the mixture was warmedto room temperature and further stirred for 30 mins. The mixture wasfiltered, the filtrate cake was washed with EA (20 mL). The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to give compound 51-d (600 mg, yield44%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=238 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 51-c

Thionyl chloride (1.84 mL) was added to a solution of compound 51-d (600mg, 2.52 mmol) in DCM (25 mL). The mixture was heated to 30° C., stirredfor 16 hrs and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 51-c(720 mg). The product was used directly for the next step withoutfurther purification. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=256 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 51-b

Under N2 atmosphere, at −78° C. , a solution of 2.5M n-butyl lithium inn-hexane (2.05 mL, 5.1 mmol) was added to a solution of diisopropylamine(0.72 mL, 5.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 mL). The mixture was warmed toroom temperature, stirred for 1 h, cooled again to −78° C. The mixturewas added to methyl isobutyrate (0.59 mL, 5.1 mmol), stirred for 1 h,followed by adding compound 51-c (300 mg, 1.02 mmol) and further stirredfor 1 h. The mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature, stirred for2 hrs, followed by adding saturated NH₄Cl aq. solution (20 mL), beingextracted with EA (50 mL×2). The organic phases were combined, driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(PE:EA=3:1) to give yellow oil 51-b (300 mg, yield 91%). LC-MS (ESI):m/z=322 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 51-a

Under Na atmosphere, compound 51-b (300 mg, 0.93 mmol),4-cyanophenylboronic acid (215 mg, 0.93 mmol) and sodium carbonate (296mg, 2.79 mmol) were suspended in DMF (10 mL) and water (5 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene] palladium dichloride (76 mg, 0.09mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1-2:1) to givecompound 51-a (250 mg, yield 78%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=345 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 51

At room temperature, LiOH (152 mg, 3.6 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 51-a (250 mg, 0.72 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), THF (5 mL) andwater (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 6 hrs, 1M HCl aq. solution wasadded to adjust pH=5-6, the mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure, extracted with EA (20 mL×3). The organic phases were combined,dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was prepared by HPLC (mobile phase: water(0.01% NH₃+10 mm NH₄HCO₃):nitrile=45%-75%) to give compound 51 (33 mg,yield 14%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=331 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 9.19 (s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H),7.51-7.65 (m, 6H), 3.06 (s, 2H), 1.27 (s, 6H) ppm.

Embodiment 523-[7-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-2-yl]-butyric Acid(Compound 52)

Synthetic Route

Synthesis of Compound 52-b

Under N₂ atmosphere, compound 44-c (9.0 g, 27.6 mmol), compound 3-c(15.4 g, 55.2 mmol) and sodium carbonate (5.85 g, 55.2 mmol) weresuspended in dioxane (240 mL) and water (40 mL),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene] palladium dichloride (1.0 g, 1.38mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hrs, cooled toroom temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (PE:EA=10:1) to give yellowsolid 52-b (9.1 g, yield 82.8%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=399 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 52-a

Under H₂ (latm.) atmosphere, palladium hydroxide (3.0 g) was added to asolution of compound 52-b (9.1 g, 22.8 mmol) in THF (100 mL) andmethanol (280 mL). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to give yellow oil 52-a (8.0 g, yield87.5%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=401 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 52

At room temperature, LiOH (1.51 g, 36 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 52-a (8.0 g, 20 mmol) in methanol (15 mL), THF (30 mL) andwater (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 8 hrs, followed by adding 1MHCl aq. solution to adjust pH=5-6, solid was precipitated and filteredout. The solid was washed with water (20 mL×3), dried under vacuum togive white solid 52 (6.18 g, yield 83%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.27 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H),8.33 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 5.6Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=6.8 Hz, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 1.31 (dd,J=7.6 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 53

Compound 53A

Synthetic Route

Synthesis of Compound 53A

At room temperature, NaOH (8 mg, 0.02 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 45A (74 mg, 0.02 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirredfor 2 hrs, freeze-dried to give white solid 53A (79 mg, yield 100%).LC-MS (ESI): m/z=373 [M−Na+2H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 7.65 (m, 2H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 3.47 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 2.11(m, 1H), 1.25 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Embodiment 543-[4-(4-Cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-2-yl]-2,2-bis(triadecylmethyl)propionic Acid (Compound 54)

Synthesis of Compound 54-b

According to the process for preparing compound 48-b, compound 54-b(1000 mg, 46%) was prepared by using commercially available compound54-c. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=349 [M+H]⁺.

According to the process for preparing compound 47-a, compound 54-a (500mg, 72%) was prepared by using compound 54-b. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=421[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 54

According to the process for preparing compound 47, white solid compound54 (63 mg, 32%) was prepared by compound 47-a. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=394[M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.46(s, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.45(s,1H), 8.32(d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 8.26(d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.89(d, J=8 Hz, 1H),7.74(d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.59 (m, 1H), 6.67(s, 1H), 3.09(s,2H) ppm

EFFECT EXAMPLE Biological assessment Example 1 The Inhibitory ActivityAgainst URAT1 of the Compound of the Present Invention

Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) was incubated in DMEM tissueculture medium, at 37° C., under 5% CO₂ and 95% air atmosphere.TranslT-293 transfection agent (MIRUS BIO, Cat. No. MIR2706) and modelURAT1 were used to construct transfected HEK293 cells. TransfectedHEK293/hURAT1 cells were used to the test for ¹⁴C-uric acid transportactivity.

HEK293/hURAT1 cells were seeded in a 96-well plate (BD, Cat. No. 356461)fully coating with poly-D-lysine at a density of 6×10⁴ cells per well.Cells were incubated at 37° C. for at least 12 hrs in the calorstat, andthen washed with pre-heated washing buffer (125 mM sodium gluconate, 10mM HEPES pH=7.4) at an amount of 200 μL per well to wash out the culturemedium. The uric acid [8-14C] (ARC, Cat. No. ARC0513-250UCI) containingor not containing the compound was added to 50 μL HBSS buffer which wasfree of chloric ion each well (HBSS buffer: 125 mM sodium gluconate, 4.8mM potassium gluconate, 1.3 mM calcium gluconate, 1.2 mM potassiumdihydrogen phosphate, 1.2 mM magnesium sulfate, 5.6 mM glucose, 25 mMHEPES pH=7.4) to make the specific concentration of the uric acid 1 μCiper well. The incubating solution was removed after 10 mins incubation,followed by adding 100 μL cold washing buffer, after washing with thisbuffer for 3 times, the buffer was completely removed from the well. 50μL Lysis buffer (0.1 mM NaOH) was added to each well, and transferred toa 96-well plate (PERKIN ELMER, Cat. No. 6005040) containingscintillation fluid after 5 mins, and counted by MicroBeta Trilux(PerkinElmer) to give IC50 value eventually.

The inhibitory activity of the compound of the present invention againsthURAT1 was tested according to the assessment above, the results werelisted below (Table 1):

TABLE 1 IC₅₀ value of partial compounds of the present invention againsthURAT1 Compound IC₅₀ (μM) Verinurad (RDEA3170) 0.113  1 2.534  2 0.161 3 0.327  4 0.015  5 0.008  6 0.214  7A 5.524  7B 2.687  8 0.057  90.127 10 0.019 11 0.062 12 0.071 13 0.189 14 0.385 15 0.024 16 0.015 170.012 21 0.100 22 0.055 23 0.018 24 0.018 25 0.289 26 0.119 27 1.731 292.858 30 0.087 31 3.418 32 5.405 33 0.042 34 0.139 35 2.408 36 0.542 370.035 38 0.209 40 3.467 41 0.934 42 0.024 43A 0.011 43B 0.037 44A 0.03844B 1.858 45A 0.580 45B 0.010 46A 0.148 46B 0.051 47 0.018 48 0.012 490.116 50 0.971 51 0.019 52 0.037 / /

Compound Verinurad (RDEA3170, CAS No.:1352792-74-5) was a known hURAT1inhibitor having a structure shown as below:

What can be concluded from Table 1 was that compounds of the presentinvention are of significantly inhibitory effects against hURAT1.

It is to be understood that the foregoing description of two preferredembodiments is intended to be purely illustrative of the principles ofthe invention, rather than exhaustive thereof, and that changes andvariations will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and that thepresent invention is not intended to be limited other than expressly setforth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A condensed ring derivative having a structure offormula I, a tautomer, a mesomer, a racemate, an enantiomer, adiastereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a metabolite, ametabolic precursor or a pro-drug thereof,

wherein, ring A is an aryl or a heteroaryl; M is H, D or apharmaceutically acceptable cation; U is a chemical bond,

V and W are independently C or N, but not N at the same time; X is

N or S, Y is a chemical bond,

or N; Z is

or S; each of R¹ and R² is independently H, D, a halogen, CN, an alkyl,an alkoxy, a cycloalkyl, an alkenyl, a alkynyl or a heterocycloalkyl;or, R¹, R² together with the carbon atom attached form a cycloalkyl or aheterocyclic group; the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, the alkenyl,the alkynyl, the heterocycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl formed by R¹, R² andthe carbon atom attached, or the heteroalkyl formed by R¹, R² and thecarbon atom attached can further be substituted by a substituentselected from the group consisting of D, a halogen, CN, an alkyl, analkoxy, a cycloalkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a heterocycloalkyl or anaryl; R³ is H, D, a halogen, an alkyl, an alkoxy, an aryl, a heteroaryl,a heterocycloalkyl or an amino; wherein the alkyl, the alkoxy, the aryl,the heteroaryl, the heterocycloalkyl or the amino can be furthersubstituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of D, ahalogen, CN, an alkyl, an aryl, an aryl substituted by halogen, abenzyl, a benzyl which is substituted by halogen in the phenyl, abenzoyl or a benzoyl which is substituted by halogen in the phenyl; whenthe substituents are more than one, the substituents are the same ordifferent; R⁴ is H, D, a halogen, CN, NH₂, OH, an alkyl, an alkoxy, acycloalkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a heterocycloalkyl, an aryl or aheteroaryl; wherein NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, thealkenyl, the alkynyl, the heterocyclic group, the aryl or the heteroarylcan further be substituted by a substituent selected from the groupconsisting of D, a halogen, CN, an alkyl, an alkoxy, a cycloalkyl, analkenyl, an alkynyl, a heterocycloalkyl, an aryl, an aryl substituted bya halogen and/or CN, a heteroaryl or a heteroaryl substituted by CN;each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently H, D, OH, a halogen, CN, an alkyl, analkoxy, a cycloalkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl or a heterocycloalkyl; orR⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atom attached form a cycloalkyl or aheterocyclic group; the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, the alkenyl,the alkynyl, the heterocycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶together with the carbon atom attached or the heteroalkyl formed by R⁵,R⁶ together with the carbon atom attached can further be substituted bya substituent selected from the group consisting of D, a halogen, CN, analkyl, an alkoxy, a cycloalkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, aheterocycloalkyl or an aryl; R⁷ is H or an alkyl; n is 0, 1 or 2; p is1, 2, 3 or
 4. 2. The condensed ring derivative having a structure offormula I, the tautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof according toclaim 1, wherein, M is H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; eachof R¹ and R² is independently H, D or an alkyl; or R¹ and R², togetherwith the carbon atom attached form a cycloalkyl; R³ is H, a halogen, analkyl or an aryl; R⁴ is H, a halogen, an alkyl, an aryl or a heteroaryl;each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently H, OH, a halogen or an alkyl; p is 1.3. The condensed ring derivative having a structure of formula I, thetautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof according toclaim 1 or 2, wherein, where ring A is an aryl, the aryl is a C₆₋₁₀aryl; and/or, where ring A is a heteroaryl, the heteroaryl is a C₂₋₅heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatom(s) selected from N or S; and/or, whereM is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, the pharmaceuticallyacceptable cation is Na ion, K ion or Ca ion; and/or, where each of Rland R² is independently a halogen, the halogen is F, Cl, Br or I;and/or, where each of R¹ and R² is independently an alkyl, the alkyl isa C₁₋₄ alkyl; and/or, where each of R¹ and R² is independently analkoxy, the alkoxy is a C₁₋₄ alkoxy; and/or, where each of R¹ and R² isindependently a cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl is a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and/or,where each of R¹ and R² is independently an alkenyl, the alkenyl is aC₂₋₄ alkenyl; and/or, where each of R¹ and R² is independently analkynyl, the alkynyl is a C₂₋₄ alkynyl; and/or, where each of R¹ and R²is independently a heterocycloalkyl, the heterocycloalkyl is a C₂₋₁₀heterocycloalkyl having 1-2 heteroatom(s) selected from O, S or N;and/or, where R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom attached form acycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl is a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and/or, where R¹ and R²together with the carbon atom attached form a heterocyclic group, theheterocyclic group is a C₂₋₅ heterocyclic group having 1-2 heteroatom(s)selected from O or S; and/or, where R³ is a halogen, the halogen is F,Cl, Br or I; and/or, where R³ is an alkyl, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl;and/or, where R³ is an alkoxy, the alkoxy is a C₁₋₄ alkoxy; and/or,where R³ is an aryl, the aryl is a C₆₋₁₀ aryl; and/or, where R³ is aheteroaryl, the heteroaryl is a C₂₋₅ heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatom(s)selected from N; and/or, where R³ is a heterocycloalkyl, theheterocycloalkyl is a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl having 1-3 heteroatom(s)selected from N, O or S; and/or, where R⁴ is a halogen, the halogen isF, Cl, Br or I; and/or, where R⁴ is an alkyl, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl;and/or, where R⁴ is an alkoxy, the alkoxy is a C₁₋₄ alkoxy; and/or,where R⁴ is a cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl is a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and/or,where R⁴ is an alkenyl, the alkenyl is a C₂₋₄ alkenyl; and/or, where R⁴is an alkynyl, the alkynyl is a C₂₋₄ alkynyl; and/or, where R⁴ is aheterocycloalkyl, the heterocycloalkyl is a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkylhaving 1-3 heteroatom(s) selected from N, O or S; and/or, where R⁴ is anaryl, the aryl is a C₆₋₁₀ aryl; and/or, where R⁴ is a heteroaryl, theheteroaryl is a C₂₋₁₀ heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatom(s) selected fromO; and/or, where each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently a halogen, thehalogen is F, Cl, Br or I; and/or, where each of R⁵ and R⁶ isindependently an alkyl, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl; and/or, where each ofR⁵ and R⁶ is independently an alkoxy, the alkoxy is a C₁₋₄ alkoxy;and/or, where each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently a cycloalkyl, thecycloalkyl is a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and/or, where each of R⁵ and R⁶ isindependently an alkenyl, the alkenyl is a C₂₋₄ alkenyl; and/or, whereeach of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently an alkynyl, the alkynyl is a C₂₋₄alkynyl; and/or, where each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently aheterocycloalkyl, the heterocycloalkyl is a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkylhaving 1-2 heteroatom(s) selected from O, S or N; and/or, where R⁵ andR⁶ together with the carbon atom form a cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl is aC₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and/or, where R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atomattached form a heterocycloalkyl, the heterocycloalkyl is a C₂₋₁₀heterocycloalkyl having 1-2 heteroatom(s) selected from O or S; and/or,where R⁷ is an alkyl, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl; and/or, where R¹, R²,R⁵, R⁶, the cycloalkyl formed by R¹ and R² together with the carbon atomattached, the heterocyclic group formed by R¹, R² together with thecarbon atom attached, the cycloalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with thecarbon atom attached or the heterocyclic group formed by R⁵, R⁶ togetherwith the carbon atom attached is substituted by a halogen, the halogenis F, Cl, Br or I; and/or, where R¹, R², R⁵, R⁶, the cycloalkyl formedby R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom attached, the heterocyclicgroup formed by R¹, R² together with the carbon atom attached, thecycloalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atom attached orthe heterocyclic group formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atomattached is substituted by an alkyl, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl; and/or,where R¹, R², R⁵, R⁶, the cycloalkyl formed by R¹ and R² together withthe carbon atom attached, the heterocyclic group formed by R¹, R²together with the carbon atom attached, the cycloalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶together with the carbon atom attached or the heterocyclic group formedby R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atom attached is substituted by analkoxy, the alkoxy is a C₁₋₄ alkoxy; and/or, where R¹, R², R⁵, R⁶, thecycloalkyl formed by R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom attached,the heterocyclic group formed by R¹, R² together with the carbon atomattached, the cycloalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atomattached or the heterocyclic group formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with thecarbon atom attached is substituted by a cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl is aC₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and/or, where R¹, R², R⁵, R⁶, the cycloalkyl formed byR¹ and R² together with the carbon atom attached, the heterocyclic groupformed by R¹, R² together with the carbon atom attached, the cycloalkylformed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atom attached or theheterocyclic group formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atomattached is substituted by an alkenyl, the alkenyl is a C₂₋₄ alkenyl;and/or, where R¹, R², R⁵, R⁶, the cycloalkyl formed by R¹ and R²together with the carbon atom attached, the heterocyclic group formed byR¹, R² together with the carbon atom attached, the cycloalkyl formed byR⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atom attached or the heterocyclic groupformed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atom attached is substitutedby an alkynyl, the alkynyl is a C₂₋₄ alkynyl; and/or, where R¹, R², R⁵,R⁶, the cycloalkyl formed by R¹ and R² together with the carbon atomattached, the heterocyclic group formed by R¹, R² together with thecarbon atom attached, the cycloalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with thecarbon atom attached or the heterocyclic group formed by R⁵, R⁶ togetherwith the carbon atom attached is substituted by a heterocycloalkyl, theheterocycloalkyl is a C₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl having 1-2 heteroatom(s)selected from O, S or N; and/or, where R¹, R², R⁵, R⁶, the cycloalkylformed by R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom attached, theheterocyclic group formed by R¹, R² together with the carbon atomattached, the cycloalkyl formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with the carbon atomattached or the heterocyclic group formed by R⁵, R⁶ together with thecarbon atom attached is substituted by an aryl, the aryl is a C₆₋₁₀aryl; and/or, where the alkyl, the alkoxy, the aryl, the heteroaryl, theheterocycloalkyl or the amino defined in R³ is substituted by a halogen,the halogen is F, Cl, Br or I; and/or, where the alkyl, the alkoxy, thearyl, the heteroaryl, the heterocycloalkyl or the amino defined in R³ issubstituted by an alkyl, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl; and/or, where thealkyl, the alkoxy, the aryl, the heteroaryl, the heterocycloalkyl or theamino defined in R³ is substituted by an aryl, the aryl is a C₆₋₁₀ aryl;and/or, where the alkyl, the alkoxy, the aryl, the heteroaryl, theheterocycloalkyl or the amino defined in R³ is substituted by an arylsubstituted by halogen, the aryl substituted by halogen is2,6-dichlorophenyl; and/or, where the alkyl, the alkoxy, the aryl, theheteroaryl, the heterocycloalkyl or the amino defined in R³ issubstituted by a benzyl substituted by halogen in the phenyl, the benzylsubstituted by halogen is 2,6-dichlorobenzyl; and/or, where the alkyl,the alkoxy, the aryl, the heteroaryl, the heterocycloalkyl or the aminodefined in R³ is substituted by a benzoyl substituted by halogen in thephenyl, the benzoyl substituted by halogen in the phenyl is2,6-dichlorobenzoyl; and/or, where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, thecycloalkyl, the alkenyl, the alkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or theheteroaryl defined in R⁴ is substituted by a halogen, the halogen is F,Cl, Br or I; and/or, where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, thecycloalkyl, the alkenyl, the alkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or theheteroaryl defined in R⁴ is substituted by an alkyl, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄alkyl; and/or, where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, thealkenyl, the alkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl definedin R⁴ is substituted by an alkoxy, the alkoxy is a C₁₋₄ alkoxy; and/or,where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, the alkenyl, thealkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl defined in R⁴ issubstituted by a cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl is a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl;and/or, where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, thealkenyl, the alkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl definedin R⁴ is substituted by an alkenyl, the alkenyl is a C₂₋₄ alkenyl;and/or, where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, thealkenyl, the alkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl definedin R⁴ is substituted by an alkynyl, the alkynyl is a C₂₋₄ alkynyl;and/or, where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, thealkenyl, the alkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl definedin R⁴ is substituted by a heterocycloalkyl, the heterocycloalkyl is aC₂₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl having 1-2 heteroatom(s) selected from O, S or N;and/or, where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, thealkenyl, the alkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl definedin R⁴ is substituted by an aryl, the aryl is a C₆₋₁₀ aryl; and/or, whereNH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, the alkenyl, thealkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl defined in R⁴ issubstituted by an aryl substituted by a halogen and/or CN, the arylsubstituted by a halogen and/or CN is

and/or, where NH₂, OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, thealkenyl, the alkynyl, the cycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl definedin R⁴ is substituted by a heteroaryl, the heteroaryl is a C₂₋₁₀heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatom(s) selected from O; and/or, where NH₂,OH, the alkyl, the alkoxy, the cycloalkyl, the alkenyl, the alkynyl, thecycloalkyl, the ary or the heteroaryl defined in R⁴ is substituted by aheteroaryl substituted by CN, the heteroaryl substituted by CN is


4. The condensed ring derivative having a structure of formula I, thetautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof according toclaim 3, wherein, where the ring A is a C₆₋₁₀ aryl, the C₆₋₁₀ aryl isphenyl; and/or, where the ring A is a C₂₋₅ heteroaryl, the C₂₋₅heteroaryl is pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl orpyridazinyl; and/or, where each of R¹ and R² is independently a C₁₋₄alkyl, the C₁₋₄ alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl,iso-butyl or tert-butyl; and/or, where R¹ and R² together with thecarbon atom attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, the C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl is acyclobutyl; and/or, where R³ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, the C₁₋₄ alkyl is methyl,ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl; and/or,where R³ is a C₆₋₁₀ aryl, the C₆₋₁₀ aryl is a phenyl; and/or, where R³is a C₂₋₅ heteroaryl, the C₂₋₅ heteroaryl is a pyridyl; and/or, where R⁴is a C₆₋₁₀ aryl, the aryl is a phenyl or a naphthyl; and/or, where R⁴ isa C₂₋₁₀ heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatom(s) selected from O, the C₂₋₁₀heteroaryl is

and/or, where each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently a C₁₋₄ alkyl, the C₁₋₄alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl ortert-butyl; and/or, where R⁷ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, the C₁₋₄ alkyl is methyl,ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl; and/or,where R³ is an aryl substituted by CN, the aryl substituted by CN is

and/or, where R⁴ is an alkyl substituted by an aryl having beensubstituted by halogen(s) and/or CN(s), the alkyl substituted by an arylhaving been substituted by halogen(s) and/or CN(s) is

and/or, where R⁴ is an aryl substituted by halogen(s) and/or CN(s), thearyl substituted by halogen(s) and/or CN(s) is

and/or, where R⁴ is a heteroaryl substituted by CN(s), the heteroarylsubstituted by CN(s) is


5. The condensed ring derivative having a structure of formula I, thetautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof according toat least one of claims 1-4, wherein, the condensed ring derivativehaving a structure of formula I has a structure of formula II, III orIV:

wherein, in the formula II, each of X¹ and X² is independently CH or N;X⁹ is CH or N; Y is CH or N; the definitions of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, U, M, nand p refer to those in at least one of claims 1-4; in the formula III,X³ is

or N; X⁴ is

N or S; X⁵ is

or N; X⁶ is

N or S; Y is CH or N; the definitions of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, W, V, U, M andn refer to those in at least one of claims 1-4; in the formula IV, X² isCH or N; each of X⁷ or X⁸ is independently CH or S; the definitions ofR¹, R², R⁴, U, M and n refer to those in at least one of claims 1-4. 6.The condensed ring derivative having a structure of formula I, thetautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof according toclaim 5, wherein, the compound having a structure of formula II has astructure of formula II-1:

in the formula II-1, the definitions of X¹, X⁹, Y, R¹, R², R⁴, U, M andn refer to those in claim 5; and/or, the compound having a structure offormula III has a structure of formula III-1:

in the formula III, the definitions of X³, X⁴, X⁵, Y, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, W,V, U, M and n refer to those in claim 5; and/or, the compound having astructure of formula IV has a structure of formula IV-1:

wherein, the definitions of X², X⁷, X⁸, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, M and nrefer to those in claim
 5. 7. The condensed ring derivative having astructure of formula I, the tautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, theenantiomer, the diastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptablesalt, the metabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereofaccording to claim 6, wherein, in the compound of general formula II-1,each letter and substituent has the following definition: X¹ and Y areC; X⁹ is C or N; each of R¹ and R² is independently H or an alkyl; orR¹, R² together with the carbon atom attached form a cycloalkyl; M is H;R⁴ is an aryl or heteroaryl; U is

each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently H or an alkyl; n is 1; preferably, inthe compound of formula II-1, where U is

and R⁵ and R⁶ are H, R¹ and R² are not H at the same time; preferably,in the compound of formula II-1, where X⁹ is N, U is

and/or, in the compound of formula IV-1, each letter and substituent hasthe following definition: X² is N; each of X⁷ and X⁸ is independently CHor S; each of R¹ and R² is independently H or an alkyl; R⁴ is an aryl; Uis

each of R⁵ and R⁶ is independently H or an alkyl; n is 0 or 1;preferably, in the compound of formula IV-1, X² is N, X⁷ is CH; X⁸ is S;preferably, in the compound of general formula IV-1, where R¹ and/or R²is an alkyl, R⁵ and R⁶ are H; where R⁵ and/or R⁶ is an alkyl, R¹ and R²are H; where X⁷ is S, X⁸ is CH, R¹ and R² are alkyl, R⁵ and R⁶ are H, R⁴is a phenyl.
 8. The condensed ring derivative having a structure offormula I, the tautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof according toat least one of claims 1-7, wherein, the compound having formula I isselected from the groun consisting of

in the above compounds, the carbon atom marked with * refers to a chiralcarbon atom or a non-chiral carbon atom, when it is a chiral carbonatom, it is of S-configuration or R-configuration, when it is anon-chiral carbon atom, it refers to racemate.
 9. A process forpreparing the condensed ring derivative having a structure of formula I,the tautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof according toat least one of claims 1-8, which comprises that in a organic solvent,in the presence of a base, carrying out a hydrolysis reaction on thecompound of formula I-a to give compound of formula I;

in the formula I-1 and formula I, the definitions of the ring A, R¹, R²,R⁴, W, V, Z, Y, X, U, n and p refer to those in any one of claims 1-8;wherein in the compound of formula I-a, M¹ is an alkyl.
 10. A compoundof formula I-a:

wherein the definitions of the ring A, R¹, R², R⁴, W, V, Z, Y, X, U, nand p refer to those at least one of claims 1-8; M¹ is an alkyl.
 11. Thecompound of formula I-a according to claim 10 having a structure offormula II-a, III-a or IV-a:

in the compound of formula II-a, each of X¹ and X² is independently CHor N; X⁹ is CH or N; Y is CH or N; the definitions of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, U,M¹, n and p refers to those in claim 10; in the compound of formulaIII-a, X³ is

or N; X⁴ is

N or S; X⁵ is

or N; X⁶ is

N or S; Y is CH or N; the definitions of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, W, V, U, M¹ andn refer to those in claim 10; in the compound of formula IV-a, X² is CHor N; each of X⁷ and X⁸ is independently CH or S; the definitions of R¹,R², R⁴, U, M¹ and n refer to those in claim
 10. 12. The compound offormula I-a according to claim 11, wherein, the compound of formula II-ahas a structure of formula II-a-1:

wherein, the definitions of X¹, X⁹, Y, R¹, R², R⁴, U, M¹ and n refer tothose in claim 11; and/or, the compound of formula III-a has a structureof formula III-a-1:

wherein, the definitions of X³, X⁴, X⁵, Y, R¹, R², R⁴, W, V, U, M¹ and nrefer to those in claim 11; and/or, the compound of formula IV-a has astructure of formula IV-a-1:

wherein, the definitions of X², X⁷, X⁸, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, M¹ and nrefer to those in claim
 11. 13. The compound of formula I-a according toany one of claims 10-12, wherein, the compound is selected from thegroup consisting of

in the above compounds, the carbon atom marked with * is a chiral carbonatom or a non-chiral carbon atom, when it is a chiral carbon atom, it isof S-configuration or R-configuration, when it is a non-chiral carbonatom, it refers to racemate.
 14. A use of the condensed ring derivativehaving a structure of formula I, the tautomer, the mesomer, theracemate, the enantiomer, the diastereoisomer, or the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt, the metabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drugthereof according to at least one of claims 1-8 in manufacturing amedicament in preventing and/or treating hyperuricemia or the diseaserelated to hyperuricemia.
 15. The use according to claim 14, wherein,the disease related to hyperuricemia is selected from the groupconsisting of gout, hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia,metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease and kidney damage.
 16. Apharmaceutical composition, which contains a pharmaceutically effectiveamount of the condensed ring derivative having a structure of formula I,the tautomer, the mesomer, the racemate, the enantiomer, thediastereoisomer, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, themetabolite, the metabolic precursor or the pro-drug thereof according toat least one of claims 1-8, and one or more than one pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier and/or diluent.
 17. The pharmaceutical compositionaccording to claim 16, wherein, the composition further contains otheruric acid-lowering drugs; the uric acid-lowering drugs is selected fromthe group consisting of uric acid transporter 1 inhibitor, xanthineoxidase inhibitor, xanthine oxidoreductase and xanthine dehydrogenaseinhibitor, preferably purine alcohol and/or Febuxostat.